The United Nations released a Synthesis Report (October 28, 2025) evaluating global progress toward the Paris Agreement’s temperature goals. 

Key Findings of the UN Report

• Projected Emission Reductions: Current Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) would lower emissions by only 17% from 2019 levels by 2035.
  • To meet the Paris Agreement goals, emissions must be cut by:
    • 37% for limiting warming below 2°C, and
    • 57% for limiting warming to 1.5°C by 2035.
• Adaptation and Resilience Focus: 73% of the updated NDCs include a dedicated ‘Adaptation’ component, reflecting a growing emphasis on climate resilience.
  • Adaptation involves preparing countries to cope with the ongoing impacts of climate change, beyond just reducing emissions.
• Emission Projections for 2035: The implementation of the current NDCs is expected to result in 13.0 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions in 2035, a 6% reduction compared to previous NDC projections for 2030.
• Investment Requirements: Both mitigation and adaptation efforts will require trillions of dollars in finance over the next decade.
• Carbon Capture Initiatives: Expansion of Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) capacity has been highlighted as crucial for meeting emission reduction goals.
• Data Basis: The synthesis is based on 64 updated NDCs (out of 190 potential submissions).
  • India has not yet submitted its updated NDC after its last update in August 2022.

About UNFCCC Synthesis Report

• Published by: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
• Purpose: The  Report summarizes the implementation progress of climate goals, especially under the Paris Agreement.
• Data Integration: It integrates data from Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) of countries, assessing their effectiveness in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Comprehensive Overview: Provides an overview of the climate action plans of UNFCCC parties, tracking progress towards global climate targets.

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India’s latest NDC commits to

• 45% reduction in emissions intensity of GDP by 2030 (from 2005 levels).
• 50% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil sources by 2030.
• Create a carbon sink of at least two billion tonnes 

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