Volcano Eruption in Iceland

December 20, 2023

GS Paper I Geography

Context: A volcano in Southwest Iceland erupted after weeks of intense earthquake activity.

Volcano Eruption in Iceland

Volcano Eruption in Iceland

The volcano that erupted, is located in Reykjanes peninsula in Iceland.
Iceland is among the most volcanically active places in the world, with roughly one eruption in every five years, not including submarine eruptions.

Why does Iceland have so many volcanoes?

Geolocation:
- Iceland is located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which separates the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates.
  - These tectonic plates are detached one from another allowing magma to fill the space that is created which results in the creation of one or more volcanic systems
- Iceland is located on a hotspot or mantle plume, where magma is especially close to the surface, leading to frequent volcanic eruptions.
Types of Volcano: The most common type of volcano in Island is stratovolcano — cone-shaped peak with explosive eruptions that form a crater in the very top.
Geography: Iceland’s entire surface is made of volcanic rock, most of it is basalt that formed after cooling of the volcanic lava.

Continue Reading: Exploring Volcanoes: The Basics Of Volcanicity

Source: Livemint

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