Father of Green Revolution is a widely recognised title in agricultural science. Norman Ernest Borlaug earned this title for global wheat research, while M.S. Swaminathan received the title for designing a farm growth model in India. Their work began when many nations struggled with low wheat and rice crop output. Scientists, farm boards, and national planning teams joined hands to find long-term answers. This effort shaped a movement that many people later called the Green Revolution.

The Green Revolution became a symbol of food system change. Their work did not remain inside research labs. It reached farm fields, seed boards, irrigation plans, soil study circles, and crop training groups at the village level. Their studies focused on seeds that resisted plant diseases, irrigation that reduced crop loss, and farming methods that farmers could learn with simple steps. 

Father of Green Revolution Overview

The Green Revolution shaped the world and Indian crop transformation through science, farm policy, and seed research. Norman Ernest Borlaug led wheat improvement programmes across countries. In addition, M.S. Swaminathan shaped Indian farming through structured wheat and rice production models. They worked with plant pathologists, irrigation planners, soil scientists, farm training groups, and seed improvement teams. Their research linked lab findings to actual farmland needs. Further, candidates can learn about the Green Revolution in India and the world from the following table:

Green Revolution in World

The Green Revolution in the world started when many countries faced rising food demand but limited farm output. Nations required seeds that grew faster and survived plant diseases. Therefore, researchers needed farming methods that worked outside laboratories and inside farm fields. Norman Ernest Borlaug started wheat research in Mexico and later expanded it to other regions.

About Norman Ernest Borlaug

About Norman Ernest Borlaug, researchers remember him as a scientist who united plant pathology with farm practice. He studied wheat leaf rust, stem rust, and fungus spread across crop seasons. His research teams tested seeds that could resist these diseases. Farmers planted trial crops under supervision. Data teams recorded plant growth, infection rates, and grain yield. His team repeated trials until the results reached consistency.

International food and agriculture committees invited him to guide farm planning in Asia and Latin America. Wheat seed types created through his research improved cereal supply chains. Many nations used his field testing approach to review local crop behaviour.

Green Revolution in India

The Green Revolution in India began in the 1960s when India worked toward stable food grain production. They started wheat crop trials in Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh due to working irrigation networks. M.S. Swaminathan led the wheat programme design by studying soil compatibility, seed response speed, and water retention capacity.

About M.S. Swaminathan

M.S. Swaminathan built Indian crop planning by linking laboratories, agricultural universities, and farm training networks. He studied Indian soil classes, seasonal heat cycles, monsoon patterns, seed adaptability, and water absorption timelines. His plans matched seed types with state-wise farming needs.

Then, India developed wheat procurement models aligned with harvest cycles. Rural crop training teams explained seed rate measurement, sowing timelines, and water application periods. His methods connected research institutes with farmers rather than limiting knowledge to academic papers.

Objectives of Green Revolution

This movement changed the speed of food production through science, seed systems, soil study, and farm training. Research teams created farming plans that worked for different land types rather than following one method for all regions. Here, crop experiments tested water demand, seed resistance, and growth duration. Further, candidates can go through the following objectives of the green revolution:

• To increase food grain output using organised crop science
• To match seed varieties to soil and climate profiles
• To expand irrigation without depending only on seasonal rain
• To train farmers in crop scheduling and seed handling
• To build a food storage flow for yearly consumption planning

Elements of Green Revolution

Multiple building blocks have formed the structure of the Green Revolution. One element is based on another to show results. Like, improved seeds needed water planning. Further, water networks needed crop cycle schedules. 

• Scientists developed high-yielding wheat and rice seeds that produced more grains and resisted common crop diseases.
• Tube well and canal-based irrigation planning ensured water was available even during dry periods, supporting steady crop growth.
• Soil nutrition tracking before seed planting helped determine the right type and amount of fertilizer for healthy plant development.
• Crop protection research controls pests and diseases, reducing crop loss and improving overall yield.
• Village-level farm education support plans provided farmers with practical guidance for modern farming techniques and better crop management.

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Positive and Negative Impacts of Green Revolution

The Green Revolution brought visible growth in national food output numbers. Governments reduced wheat imports as local production improved. In addition, farmers began earning from surplus crop sales. Food supply chains stabilised grain availability in public distribution networks.

At the same time, increased water use required observation studies for the long term. Some wheat farming zones noticed slower soil nutrient recovery cycles due to repeated wheat cropping. Further, agriculture boards began advising crop rotation plans to support field recovery.

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