Madhavi Gaur
July 27, 2023 11:19
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G20 Summits: In December 1, 2022, India assumed the G20 presidency, succeeding Indonesia, and will hold this position for a year. This presents a significant opportunity for India to contribute to global discussions on pressing international matters. In recent times, the G20 summit has expanded its focus beyond macroeconomics and trade to encompass various global issues that profoundly impact the world economy due to the increasing interconnectedness through globalization.
These issues include overall development, climate change and energy, health, counter-terrorism, migration, and refugees, among others. The G20 aims to work collaboratively to achieve an inclusive and sustainable world by addressing these challenges. In this article we will have a look at the G20 Summits List, G20 Members, Hosts and Venues.
The G-20 serves as an international platform for governments and central bank governors to engage in discussions. It received its name, G-20, due to the number of its members, known as the “group of twenties.” Established in 1999, the primary objective of the G-20 is to address policies related to fostering global financial stability.
As the principal forum for international economic cooperation, the Group of 20 (G-20) plays a crucial role in shaping opinions on various critical issues, including terrorism, human trafficking, and global warming.
It is worth noting that G-20 members collectively represent approximately 85% of the global GDP, over 75% of global trade, and two-thirds of the world’s population.
The inaugural G20 Summit was held in Washington, DC in 2008. G20 Summits hold importance in competitive exams, as questions on them are often included in the general awareness section. Aspirants preparing for government exams UPSC IAS aspirants should thoroughly study the G20 Summit List topic as it may feature in the UPSC Prelims.
The G20 Summit, established in 1999, serves as the foremost platform for international collaboration on significant aspects of the global economic and financial agenda. It brings together major advanced and emerging economies from around the world.
It’s noteworthy that India will host the G20 Summit in the year 2023.
Established in 1999, the G20 summit serves as the foremost platform for international cooperation on vital issues related to the global economic and financial agenda. It brings together major advanced and emerging economies from across the world. The G20 consists of 19 countries and the European Union, totaling 20 members.
The G-20 operates under a rotational presidency system, ensuring a balanced representation from different regions each year.
Unlike traditional organizations, the G-20 does not have a permanent secretariat. Instead, the G-20 president assumes the responsibility of setting the agenda in consultation with other member nations. This informal political forum fosters collaborative decision-making.
The inaugural G-20 summit took place in Washington, D.C. (United States) from 14-15 November 2008. The 14th G-20 summit occurred in Osaka (Japan) on 28-29 June 2019, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi leading the Indian delegation.
Japan, under the leadership of Shinzō Abe, assumed the G-20 presidency for the first time during this summit.
The 15th G20 Summit was hosted by Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in November 2020. Uniquely, it was conducted virtually on November 21st and 22nd, 2020. The summit was presided over by the Saudi King, Salman bin Abdulaziz.
During the 15th G20 Summit, the Indian delegation was led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. To explore India’s role in the summit and other essential details, candidates can refer to the information on the summit.
For reference, the following table presents a comprehensive list of G20 Summits held between 2008 and 2021. The table includes the respective hosts, venues, and dates for each summit:
List of G20 Summits & Members |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| G20 Summit | Host Country | Venue | Dates |
| 2008 | United States | Washington D.C. | November 14-15, 2008 |
| 2009 | United Kingdom | London | April 2, 2009 |
| 2010 | Canada | Toronto | June 26-27, 2010 |
| 2011 | France | Cannes | November 3-4, 2011 |
| 2012 | Mexico | Los Cabos | June 18-19, 2012 |
| 2013 | Russia | St. Petersburg | September 5-6, 2013 |
| 2014 | Australia | Brisbane | November 15-16, 2014 |
| 2015 | Turkey | Antalya | November 15-16, 2015 |
| 2016 | China | Hangzhou | September 4-5, 2016 |
| 2017 | Germany | Hamburg | July 7-8, 2017 |
| 2018 | Argentina | Buenos Aires | November 30 – December 1, 2018 |
| 2019 | Japan | Osaka | June 28-29, 2019 |
| 2020 | Saudi Arabia | Riyadh | November 21-22, 2020 |
| 2021 | Italy | Rome | October 30-31, 2021 |
G20 Summit 2023: India assumed the G20 Presidency after Indonesia. India will hold the G20 Presidency from December 1, 2022, to November 30, 2023. The final New Delhi Summit in September 2023 will witness the participation of 43 Heads of Delegation, the highest number in the history of G20 summits.
The theme of the 2023 Indian G20 Presidency is ‘One Earth, One Family, One Future,’ which serves as a guiding principle for the 2023 Infrastructure Agenda.
The G20, also known as the group of twenties, derives its name from the number of its members. Notably, the G20 consists of nations that collectively represent approximately 85% of the global GDP, over 75% of global trade, and about two-thirds of the world’s population. The members of the G20 are as follows:
Here’s a table listing the G20 members:
G20 Members List |
|
|---|---|
| S. No. | Country |
| 1 | Argentina |
| 2 | Australia |
| 3 | Brazil |
| 4 | Canada |
| 5 | China |
| 6 | France |
| 7 | Germany |
| 8 | India |
| 9 | Indonesia |
| 10 | Italy |
| 11 | Japan |
| 12 | Mexico |
| 13 | Russia |
| 14 | Saudi Arabia |
| 15 | South Africa |
| 16 | South Korea |
| 17 | Turkey |
| 18 | United Kingdom |
| 19 | United States |
| 20 | European Union |
Please note that the G20 includes 19 individual countries and the European Union as a separate member, making a total of 20 members.
The G20 Summits have served as crucial platforms for global leaders to address pressing economic challenges, foster international cooperation, and promote sustainable development on a global scale. Over the years, these summits have evolved into essential gatherings for addressing a wide range of issues that transcend national boundaries. From economic growth and financial stability to climate change and poverty reduction, the G20 has demonstrated its ability to tackle complex global problems through inclusive and constructive dialogue.
Throughout this list, we have witnessed the G20 Summits adapt to changing circumstances, responding to emerging crises and shaping policies to foster greater resilience in the face of uncertainty. As the world continues to grapple with various challenges, the importance of international collaboration and multilateralism remains paramount.
The G20 Summits’ conclusions are not merely statements on paper; they represent the collective commitment of the world’s leading economies to work together for the greater good of humanity. However, progress on some fronts might be slow, given the diverse interests and priorities of member countries. Still, the G20’s continued efforts to promote dialogue, foster cooperation, and address global challenges remain essential in building a more stable, prosperous, and sustainable world for future generations.
As we look to the future, it is crucial for G20 member states to maintain their dedication to multilateralism, transparency, and inclusivity in their decision-making processes. By collaborating effectively, embracing innovation, and embracing the values of equity and fairness, the G20 can continue to play a pivotal role in shaping the global agenda and driving positive change across the world.
The G20 Summits’ journey is ongoing, with each summit building on the outcomes of its predecessors. As the world continues to evolve, the G20 must stay nimble and adaptive to remain relevant and influential in addressing the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. Through steadfast cooperation, the G20 can be a beacon of hope for a world that aspires to a more prosperous, peaceful, and sustainable future.
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