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Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru, is revered as a symbol of courage and sacrifice. He is known for his unwavering stand for religious freedom and human rights.
Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru, is revered for his profound teachings and ultimate sacrifice to uphold religious freedom. His life and legacy continue to inspire millions. Guru Tegh Bahadur’s life exemplifies the principles of courage, compassion, and unwavering faith, leaving an indelible mark on Sikh history and the broader tapestry of human rights advocacy. Delves into his biography, significance, and the observance of his Shaheedi Diwas in 2024.
Guru Tegh Bahadur was the ninth of the ten Sikh Gurus, known for his spiritual depth and unwavering commitment to justice. Born on April 1, 1621, in Amritsar, he was the youngest son of Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh Guru. His early life was marked by rigorous training in martial arts, archery, and horsemanship, alongside spiritual education. He earned the name ‘Tegh Bahadur’ (Brave Sword) for his valor in battles against Mughal oppression.
Born on April 1, 1621, in Amritsar, Punjab, Guru Tegh Bahadur was the youngest son of Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh Guru, and Mata Nanaki. Originally named Tyag Mal, he exhibited profound spiritual inclination from a young age. His father bestowed upon him the name ‘Tegh Bahadur’ (Mighty of the Sword) after witnessing his valor in battles against Mughal forces.
Guru Tegh Bahadur spent several years in meditation and spiritual pursuits. In 1664, following the demise of Guru Har Krishan, he ascended to the position of the ninth Sikh Guru. His tenure was marked by extensive travels across the Indian subcontinent, spreading the teachings of Sikhism and establishing new congregations.
Guru Tegh Bahadur’s teachings emphasized the importance of living a truthful life, maintaining high moral standards, and upholding human rights. He composed 115 hymns, which are included in the Guru Granth Sahib, the central religious scripture of Sikhism. His hymns advocate for detachment from materialism and devotion to God.
In 1675, Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Delhi for opposing the forced conversion of Kashmiri Pandits to Islam. His martyrdom is commemorated annually as Shaheedi Diwas. In 2024, Shaheedi Diwas will be observed on December 6, honoring his sacrifice for religious freedom.
Sikhs worldwide honor this day with prayers, kirtans (devotional songs), and reflections on his teachings.
Guru Tegh Bahadur’s legacy is a testament to his unwavering stand for justice and religious tolerance. He is often referred to as ‘Hind Di Chadar’ (Shield of India) for his defense of the oppressed. His son, Guru Gobind Singh, succeeded him as the tenth Sikh Guru and continued his mission of upholding righteousness.
The Sikh faith was shaped by ten successive Gurus:
Understanding the life and contributions of Guru Tegh Bahadur is crucial for UPSC aspirants, especially in the context of Indian history and culture. His unwavering stand for justice and human rights exemplifies the values enshrined in the Indian Constitution. His teachings on tolerance, humility, and courage are pertinent to the ethical dimensions of governance and public administration.
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