Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM): Background, Launch Date, Objectives, Features, Benefits

PWOnlyIAS July 25, 2024 07:21 5865 0

Know about Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM): A flagship initiative by the Government of India aimed at providing safe and adequate drinking water to all rural households by 2024. Also learn about its objectives, benefits, financial structure, implementation mechanisms, and significant progress in ensuring water access and sustainability in rural India.

Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM): Background, Launch Date, Objectives, Features, Benefits

What is Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)?

Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) is a flagship initiative of the Government of India aimed at providing safe and adequate drinking water to all rural households by 2024. This programme will also implement source sustainability measures as mandatory elements, such as recharge and reuse through greywater management, water conservation, rain water harvesting.

Greywater is wastewater from non-toilet plumbing systems such as hand basins, washing machines, showers and baths. If it is properly handled properly, greywater can be safely reused for the garden.

Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM): Background

1972- The Central Government initiated assistance to States for rural water supply with the launch of Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP).
2009: ARWSP was renamed as NRDWP, becoming a centrally sponsored scheme with fund sharing between the Centre and the States.
- NRDWP objective was to “enable all households to have access to and use safe & adequate drinking water within premises to the extent possible.”
2019- Government of Indiarestructured and subsumed the ongoing National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) into Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) to provide Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) to every rural household.
Jal Jeevan Mission Launch Date- 15 August 2019
Nodal Agency- Ministry of Jal Shakti

Finance Structure of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Total estimated cost of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) is Rs. 3.60 Lakh Crore. Fund sharing pattern between Centre and State

90:10 sharing model (90% by Centre and 10% by States) for Himalayan (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh) and North-Eastern States.
100:0 (100% by Centre) for UTs and
50:50 (50% by Centre and 50% by States) for the rest of the States.

Aim of Jal Jeevan Mission

It aims to provide safe drinking water to all rural households by 2024 by supplying 55 liters of water per person per day to every rural household through Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC) by 2024.

Objectives of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Providing Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC)- Ensuring Access to Clean Water for Every Rural Household.
Prioritizing FHTCs in Critical Areas- Focusing on Quality-Affected, Drought-Prone, and Desert Areas, and SAGY Villages.
Extending Tap Connections to Key Institutions- Ensuring Functional Tap Connections for Schools, Anganwadi Centers, GP Buildings, Health Centers, Wellness Centers, and Community Buildings.
Ensuring Sustainability of Water Supply Systems- Addressing Water Source, Infrastructure, and Ongoing Operations & Maintenance for Long-Term Viability.

Benefits of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Enhancing Public Health and Well-being- Jal Jeevan Mission will improve health outcomes by providing secure and sufficient water access at the household level, effectively mitigating the prevalence of water-borne diseases, infections, and malnutrition in rural communities.
Empowerment by reducing hardship- Jal Jeevan Mission empowers women and children by relieving them from the laborious task of fetching water from distant and often unsafe sources, freeing up substantial time and energy.
Elevating Socio-economic status- Easing in getting water ultimately reduces physical and mental burden on the individual and enables individuals to utlise their time to pursue education, empowerment, and livelihood opportunities, positively impacting their socioeconomic status and overall well-being. Additionally, the provision of water for domestic needs reduces the workload and enhances the comfort of rural households.
Stimulating Rural Economy- Jal Jeevan Mission catalyzes economic growth by generating employment opportunities at the local level, encompassing the planning, implementation, operation, and maintenance of water supply systems.
Environment Conservation and Protection- The mission plays a pivotal role in environmental conservation by alleviating stress on groundwater resources, preventing pollution of surface water sources, and fostering practices like rainwater harvesting, watershed management, and afforestation.
Promoting Social Harmony and Inclusion- Jal Jeevan Mission ensures equitable water distribution, particularly benefiting marginalized groups such as the poor, women, SCs/STs, who often face discrimination in accessing water.
Community Participation- The initiative fosters community participation and ownership throughout the planning, implementation, and maintenance of water supply systems, thereby nurturing social harmony and cohesion among diverse groups.
Contributing to National Development Goals- Aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 6, Jal Jeevan Mission actively contributes to national aspirations of achieving universal access to safe drinking water.
Empowering Rural Women- Ensuring accessible drinking water at home improves health, socioeconomic conditions, and reduces the daily burdens on rural women and girls.
Reduced Financial Strain on Government Resources –The initiative optimizes tap water distribution, reducing storage needs and enhancing lifestyles, thereby mitigating health and mental stressors. Through judicious fund allocation, JJM seeks to alleviate the government’s financial burden.

Features of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Monitoring Tap Connection- Implementing Robust Mechanisms to Track and Ensure the Functionality of Tap Connections.
Promoting Voluntary Ownership- Encouraging Community Involvement Through Cash, Kind, Labor, and Voluntary Contributions (Shramdaan).
Empowering Human Resources- Developing Skills in Construction, Plumbing, Electrical Work, Water Quality Management, Treatment, Catchment Protection.
Awareness on Safe Drinking Water- Educating Stakeholders on the Importance and Various Aspects of Safe Drinking Water.
Participation and responsibility- Involving Stakeholders to Ensure Collective Responsibility and Participation in Water Management.
Creation of Rashtriya Jal Jeevan Kosh- For the people who would like to contribute and donate voluntarily for water supply in the rural areas food them a ‘Rashtriya Jal Jeevan Kosh’ has been created to mobilize and accept donations to fund Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM).
Target oriented Benefit- For targeted delivery and monitoring of specific outcomes, every functional tap connection is to be linked with the Aadhar number of the head of the household. All financial transactions are undertaken through the Public Finance Management System (PFMS).
Jal Jeevan Mission leverages the use of technology to ensure transparency, accountability, proper utilization of funds, and service delivery.
- Every water supply asset created under Jal Jeevan Mission is geo-tagged.
- Hydro-geo morphological (HGM) maps are used in planning a single village scheme to identify drinking water sources and construct aquifer recharge structures.

Components of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

In-Village Water Supply (PWS) Infrastructure- To provide Tap Water Connections to Every Household by ensuring comprehensive coverage of tap water supply within villages
Reliable Drinking Water Source Development- Augmentation of Existing Sources for Reliable Drinking Water by enhancing and securing access to sustainable water sources for communities
Transfer of Water (Multi-Village Scheme)- Addressing Quantity and Quality Issues in Local Water Sources by Implementing multi-village schemes to overcome water quantity and quality challenges
Retrofitting of Piped Water Supply Schemes- Providing Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC) and Service Level Enhancement by upgrading completed and ongoing schemes to meet higher service standards
Grey Water Management- Efficient Handling and Management of Greywater by implementing systems to responsibly manage non-potable water within communities
Capacity Building and Support Activities- Strengthening Stakeholders and Facilitating Implementation by Training programs, awareness campaigns, and support activities for effective scheme execution.
Technological Intervention for Water Treatment- Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) aims to reduce water contamination by adopting water testing facilities, research and development, and knowledge centres. Five women in each village are being trained to test water samples for any kind of contamination by using Field test Kits (FTKs).
- The FTK helps to test the water on nine parameters viz; pH, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, total hardness, fluoride, iron, residual free chlorine, and H2S.

Implementation of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Bottom-Up Approach
- Formation of Paani Samiti- Paani Samitis (Village Water & Sanitation Committee) plan, implement, manage, operate and maintain village water supply systems. These consist of 10-15 members, with at least 50% women members and other members from Self-Help Groups, Accredited Social and Health Workers, Anganwadi teachers, etc.
- Inclusion of Gram Sabha– The committees prepare a one-time village action plan, merging all available village resources. The plan is approved in a Gram Sabha before implementation.
Institutional Mechanism for the implementation of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM):

Tier	Mission	Role
National Level	National Jal Jeevan Mission (NJJM)	Headed by a senior officer with a directorate, NJJM will provide policy guidance, financial assistance and technical support to states.
State Level	State Water and Sanitation Mission (SWSM)	SWSM would be responsible for coordination, convergence and policy guidance at the state level.
District Level	District Water and Sanitation Mission (DWSM)	Headed by Deputy Commissioner/District Collector, DWSM will ensure preparation of village action plan; finalize a district action plan; provide administrative approval of in-village water supply schemes.
Village Level	Paani Samiti/Village Water & Sanitation Committee (VWSC)/ User group	The committee will be headed by Sarpanch/ Up-Sarpanch/ Gram Panchayat member/ traditional village head/ senior village leader.

Progress So far of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Significant Milestone – The nation has achieved a significant milestone with over 11.66 Crore (60%) rural households now having access to tap water supply in their homes.
Remarkable Achievements in 5 States and 3 Union Territories- States like Gujarat, Telangana, Goa, Haryana, and Punjab, along with Union Territories Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Daman Diu & Dadra Nagar Haveli, and Puducherry, have reported 100% coverage, showcasing remarkable achievements.
Clean Drinking Water in 1.55 Lakh Villages- More than 1.55 lakh villages, constituting 25% of the total, have reported ‘Har Ghar Jal,’ signifying that every household in these villages now has access to clean drinking water through taps.

Recent Development

December 2023: The Meghalaya government Thursday said the state has surpassed the national average in providing tap water connections to households. At present, 72.37 per cent of households in the northeastern state have tap water connections, a sharp rise from 0.75 per cent in 2019.
October 2023: The Uttarakhand government plans to employ about 8000 12th pas youth to implement Jal Jeevan Mission.

SWOT Analysis of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Here is a SWOT Analysis of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM);

Strength	National Coverage: Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) aims to provide safe tap water to every rural household in India, showcasing a comprehensive and ambitious national reach. Government Commitment: Strong commitment and support from the government demonstrate a dedicated effort toward achieving water accessibility goals. Community Engagement: The involvement of local communities through mechanisms like Paani Samitis fosters community ownership and participation. Technological Integration: Utilization of technology, including geo-tagging and Aadhar linkage, enhances monitoring, efficiency, and transparency in implementation.
Weakness	Infrastructure Challenges: Rural areas often face infrastructure challenges, including outdated or insufficient water supply systems, which may hinder the timely implementation of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM). Financial Constraints: The financial burden on both the central and state governments may pose challenges, impacting the timely execution and completion of the mission. Operational Bottlenecks: Complexities in project planning, execution, and monitoring may create operational bottlenecks, potentially affecting the mission’s efficiency. Quality Control: Ensuring the consistent delivery of safe and clean water may pose challenges, especially in areas where water quality is a concern.
Opportunities	Employment GenerationThe mission provides opportunities for local employment, supporting economic growth and livelihoods, especially in rural areas. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)- Aligning with SDG 6, Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) contributes to the global goal of ensuring universal access to clean water. Technological Advancements- Continued advancements in technology present opportunities to enhance monitoring, data analytics, and overall program effectiveness. Public Awareness and Education- Opportunities exist to further educate and raise awareness among the rural population regarding water conservation and hygiene practices.
Threat	Water scarcity- Mission aims to tackle the challenge of inadequate water availability in rural areas. Contamination- Focus on improving water quality and addressing issues of waterborne diseases. Infrastructure gaps- Efforts to bridge the gap in water supply infrastructure in rural regions.

Jal Jeevan Mission

Way Forward to Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Enhancing Capacity of Local Bodies: Provide support and resources to strengthen the capacity of local governance institutions in effectively managing and governing rural water supply systems.
Promoting Community Participation: Foster active community participation in decision-making processes related to water infrastructure planning, implementation, and maintenance.
Empowering Local Water User Committees: Strengthen the role of local water user committees in monitoring and regulating water supply services, promoting their active involvement in decision- making.
Participatory Planning: Facilitate participatory planning processes, where water user associations actively contribute to the development of water management plans, considering local needs and priorities.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) is one of the flagship programmes, aims to provide ‘Functional Household Tap Connections’ (FHTC) to every rural household in the country by 2024.

RJJK is a registered public charitable trust set up by the Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, to serve as a receptacle for charitable contributions/ donations and to facilitate such contribution for creation of safe drinking water supply in villages.

The motto of the Jal Jeevan Mission is 'no one is left out', thus ensuring every household irrespective of its socio-economic status, gets tap water supply.

Goa becomes the first ‘Jal Jeevan Mission’ certified state in the country.

Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu is the first ‘Har Ghar Jal’ certified Union Territory in India.

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Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM): Background, Launch Date, Objectives, Features, Benefits

What is Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)?

Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM): Background

Finance Structure of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Aim of Jal Jeevan Mission

Objectives of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Benefits of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Features of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Components of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Implementation of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Progress So far of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Recent Development

SWOT Analysis of Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Strength

Weakness

Opportunities

Threat

Way Forward to Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)?

What is Rashtriya Jal Jeevan Kosh (RJJK)?

What is the slogan of JJM?

Which state is first to achieve the Jal Jeevan Mission?

Which Union Territory is first to achieve the Jal Jeevan Mission?

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