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Answer
The Santhal Rebellion (1855-1856) was a major indigenous uprising against British colonial rule in India’s Bengal Presidency. Led by the Santhal tribe, it protested against the zamindari system, exploitation by landlords and moneylenders, demanding land rights and freedom from oppressive practices in present day Jharkhand, Bihar and West Bengal under the leadership of Sidhu and Kanhu to end the company rule in India.
Social and Economic factors leading to Santhal rebellion:
Impact on colonial policies:
Difference between Santhal rebellion and contemporary tribal movement:
Santhal Rebellion | Contemporary Tribal Movements | |
Time Period | 1855-1856 | 20th century onwards |
Location | Bihar, Bengal Presidency (now Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal) | Various states in India, including Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, etc. |
Leadership | Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu, tribal leaders | Various tribal leaders and organisations |
Causes | Land disputes, economic exploitation, cultural disruption under British rule | Land alienation, displacement due to development projects, socio-economic marginalisation |
Nature of Resistance | Armed rebellion, guerrilla tactics against British colonial rule | Non-violent protests, movements for tribal rights and autonomy |
Impact on Policies | Led to reforms like Santal Parganas Tenancy Act | Influence policies on land rights, forest conservation, and tribal welfare |
Military Response | British military suppression, establishment of special police forces | Responses vary from police action to negotiation and policy change |
Outcome | Suppressed with significant loss of life and displacement | Ongoing movements influencing policies and gaining recognition |
Influence on Tribal Consciousness | Symbolic for tribal identity and resistance | Shapes modern tribal movements, advocacy for indigenous rights |
The Santhal Rebellion of 1855-1856 stands as a poignant chapter in India’s colonial history, marked by the courageous resistance of the Santhal people against economic exploitation, cultural disruption, and oppressive British policies. Despite its eventual suppression, the rebellion remains a testament to the resilience and determination of the Santhal people in their struggle for dignity, land rights, and cultural preservation amidst the challenges of colonial rule.
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