Answer

The ongoing conflict in Manipur, marked by ethnic violence between Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities since May 2023, has resulted in over 260 deaths. Balancing national security imperatives with human rights and political engagement remains a significant challenge in restoring peace and stability to the region.

Challenges in Balancing National Security with Human Rights and Political Engagement

Human Rights

• Displacement Crisis: Over 70,000 individuals remain in overcrowded relief camps, facing inadequate access to basic necessities, leading to a humanitarian crisis.
• Excessive Use of Force: Security operations have sometimes led to civilian casualties and alleged human rights violations, exacerbating tensions.
  Example: The enforcement of the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) has been criticized for granting immunity to security forces.
• Ethnic Targeting: Reports of targeted violence against specific ethnic groups have raised concerns about potential ethnic cleansing.
• Suppression of Civil Liberties: Imposition of curfews and internet shutdowns have restricted freedom of expression and access to information.
  Example: Extended internet bans have hindered communication and access to essential services, impacting daily life.
• Psychological Trauma: Prolonged exposure to violence has led to widespread mental health issues among the affected populations.

Political Engagement

• Suspension of Democratic Processes: The imposition of President’s Rule has led to a lack of local governance and political representation.
  Example: The state assembly has been in suspended animation since February 2025 delaying political solutions.
• Delimitation Disputes: The ongoing delimitation process, based on outdated census data, has sparked fears of political marginalization among certain communities.
  Example: Fifteen political parties have urged the halt of the delimitation process, citing potential unrest.
• Breakdown of Peace Talks: Suspension of dialogues between the government and insurgent groups has stalled conflict resolution efforts.
  Example: Kuki groups have suspended engagement with the Centre, demanding substantive political dialogue.
• Community Divisions: Ethnic polarization has deepened, making consensus-building and political negotiations more complex.
  Example: The formation of separate councils like the Kuki-Zo Council reflects growing ethnic divisions.
• Erosion of Trust: Perceived government inaction has led to a loss of faith in political institutions among the populace.

Way Forward

• Inclusive Dialogue: Initiate comprehensive peace talks involving all stakeholders, including civil society and women’s groups.
  Example: Organizations like Meira Paibi have been instrumental in advocating for peace and could play a key role in dialogues.
• Restoration of Democratic Governance: Conduct timely elections to re-establish a representative government that can address local issues effectively.
• Humanitarian Assistance: Enhance support for displaced populations through improved relief measures and rehabilitation programs.
  Example: Initiatives like the Peace Gardens have provided both sustenance and a sense of normalcy to displaced individuals.
• Review of Security Measures: Reassess laws like AFSPA to ensure accountability and prevent human rights violations.
• Economic Development: Implement targeted economic programs to address unemployment and underdevelopment, reducing the appeal of insurgency.

Resolving the conflict in Manipur necessitates a balanced approach that upholds national security while ensuring human rights and political inclusivity. Through inclusive dialogue, restoration of democratic processes, and socio-economic development, lasting peace and stability can be achieved in the region.

DOWNLOAD PDF