Answer:

Introduction:

The native breeds of cattle in India, known for their adaptability and resilience, are facing a decline. This depletion not only affects agricultural diversity but also poses a threat to the sustainability of rural livelihoods. Understanding the causes and implementing effective measures for their conservation is imperative.

Body:

Reasons Leading to Depletion of Native Breeds:

• Crossbreeding with Exotic Breeds: The introduction of exotic breeds for higher milk yield has led to the dilution of native genetic traits​​.
• Economical Factors: Native breeds are often seen as less economically viable compared to high-yielding exotic breeds​​.
• Neglect and Mechanization: Increased mechanization in agriculture and neglect of indigenous cattle populations have contributed significantly to their decline​​.
• Inadequate Nutrition and Poor Management: Inadequate nutrition, poor reproductive management, and prevalent animal diseases, compounded by a lack of effective support services like animal husbandry extension and veterinary services, have adversely impacted these breeds​​.

Measures to Preserve Native Breeds:

• Rashtriya Gokul Mission: This initiative, part of the National Programme for Bovine Breeding and Dairy Development, focuses exclusively on the development and conservation of indigenous bovine breeds​​.
• National Dairy Plan-I: A World Bank-assisted project covering 18 major dairy states in India, aimed at the development and conservation of 12 indigenous cattle and buffalo breeds​​.
• Establishment of Specialized Organizations: The Government of India has established Central Cattle Breeding Farms, Central Herd Registration Scheme, and Central Frozen Semen Production & Training Institute for the development and conservation of indigenous breeds​​.

Conclusion:

The preservation of native breeds of cattle in India is a multifaceted challenge requiring concerted efforts from various stakeholders. While the depletion is driven by factors like crossbreeding, economic viability, and inadequate management, the measures undertaken by the government, such as the Rashtriya Gokul Mission and National Dairy Plan-I, signify a robust response. Continuing these efforts and enhancing support for indigenous breeds will not only conserve these valuable genetic resources but also ensure the sustainability of rural livelihoods and agricultural diversity in India.

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