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Core Demand of the Question
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The Indus Waters Treaty (1960), brokered by the World Bank, has long been a symbol of cooperation between India and Pakistan despite hostilities. However, India’s recent decision to suspend the treaty in response to cross-border terrorism has reignited debate over its strategic, legal, and regional implications.
Dimension | Positive Aspects / Justification | Critical Concerns / Challenges |
Legal | – India has sovereign rights under Article XII to review or suspend the treaty.
– Suspension signals strategic firmness against Pakistan’s support for terror. |
– May be viewed as a unilateral breach of a World Bank-brokered treaty.
– Risks damaging India’s global image as a rule-abiding power. |
Infrastructural | – India can use the opportunity to fast-track projects like Pakal Dul and Ratle dams.
– Reinforces long-term water security strategy. |
– India lacks sufficient infrastructure to immediately divert or store western rivers.
– Current action may remain symbolic without capacity enhancement. |
Diplomatic | – Sends a firm message to Pakistan on linking terrorism with bilateral cooperation.
– Demonstrates India’s strategic assertiveness. |
– May strain diplomatic ties further and invite international criticism.
– Risks losing moral high ground and global support. |
Regional Security | – Highlights water as a critical security issue deserving strategic consideration.
– Adds leverage to India’s negotiation stance. |
– Introduces water as a new flashpoint in a nuclear region.
– Pakistan has warned it may treat diversion as an “act of war.” |
India’s move underscores the link between sovereignty and national security. However, to avoid unintended escalation, a calibrated strategy combining assertive policy with regional dialogue is essential to protect India’s interests and ensure lasting regional stability.
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