Answer:

The Palestinian question has been a persistent issue at the heart of West Asian instability for decades. The unresolved conflict between Israel and Palestine affects regional dynamics, contributing to escalations involving various actors. The recent flare-ups between Israel and Hamas have intensified violence, complicating peace efforts. The absence of a sustainable solution perpetuates a cycle of conflict, further destabilising the region and affecting global peace efforts.

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The Unresolved Palestine Question is Central to Instability in West Asia

• Catalyst for Regional Conflicts: The unresolved Palestinian issue fuels anti-Israel sentiment, creating flashpoints for broader regional conflicts involving nations like Iran and Lebanon.
  For example: The involvement of Hezbollah in supporting Palestine during the 2023 Gaza conflict increased regional tensions.
• Impact on Arab Unity: The Palestinian cause unites Arab nations, often obstructing diplomatic relations with Israel, even when mutual interests exist.
  For example: Saudi Arabia’s normalisation talks with Israel were paused following the October 2023 conflict due to public outrage over the treatment of Palestinians.
• Perpetuation of Terrorism: The unresolved conflict provides a fertile ground for extremist groups to exploit the Palestinian cause to recruit and legitimise violence.
  For example: Groups like Hamas and Islamic Jihad frame their actions as defending Palestinian rights, fueling regional unrest.
• Obstacle to Peace Initiatives: Any peace effort in West Asia, including the Abraham Accords, faces obstacles without resolving the Palestinian issue, preventing lasting stability.
  For example: Despite progress through the Accords, Abu Dhabi delayed further agreements following the escalation in Gaza.
• Influence on Global Terror Networks: The Palestinian conflict indirectly emboldens global terror networks by drawing attention to their cause, impacting countries far beyond West Asia.
  For example: The 2023 Global Terrorism Index reported increased attacks linked to sympathisers with the Palestinian struggle.
• Trigger for Sectarian Violence: The conflict exacerbates Sunni-Shia tensions, as countries like Iran leverage it to assert regional influence and challenge Sunni-majority Arab states.
  For example: Iran’s direct involvement through Hezbollah has intensified sectarian rifts, further destabilising the region.
• Displacement and Refugee Crisis: The continuous violence in Palestine leads to mass displacement, contributing to the refugee crisis, which burdens neighbouring countries and heightens instability.
  For example: Over 5 million Palestinian refugees are currently registered with UNRWA, creating humanitarian challenges for Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.

Steps to Resolve the Israel-Palestine Conflict

• Two-State Solution: Reviving the internationally supported two-state solution would address both Israeli and Palestinian claims to statehood, promoting coexistence.
  For example: UN General Assembly Resolution 67/19 recognises Palestine’s right to statehood, supporting peace talks based on the 1967 borders.
• International Mediation: A strong international mediation effort led by neutral parties such as the UN or European Union can facilitate negotiations, ensuring fairness for both sides.
  For example: The Oslo Accords initiated by Norway in the 1990s brought both parties to the negotiating table, offering a roadmap for peace.
• Ceasefire Agreements: Immediate and sustained ceasefires need to be brokered to halt the cycle of violence, paving the way for longer-term peace discussions.
  For example: In 2023, Egypt brokered a temporary ceasefire in Gaza, highlighting its role in de-escalating tensions.
• Demilitarisation of Militias: Disarming militant groups like Hamas is essential for lasting peace, reducing violence and promoting legitimate political engagement.
  For example: The UN Security Council has consistently called for the disarmament of non-state actors in its peace resolutions.
• Economic Development in Gaza: Promoting economic development through international aid and infrastructure projects in Gaza can reduce support for militant groups, fostering peace.
  For example: The UNRWA and World Bank initiated projects to rebuild Gaza’s infrastructure after the 2014 conflict, improving living conditions for residents.
• Human Rights Protections: Strengthening human rights protections for Palestinians through international oversight will build trust and ensure both parties adhere to international norms.
  For example: The UN Human Rights Council regularly monitors violations in the occupied territories, urging both parties to uphold Geneva Conventions.
• Regional Cooperation: Encouraging broader regional cooperation, involving key players like Saudi Arabia and Iran, can lead to a unified approach toward peace.
  For example: The Arab Peace Initiative of 2002 offered Israel normalised relations with Arab states in exchange for withdrawing from occupied territories.

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The Palestinian question remains central to the instability in West Asia, influencing conflicts, diplomacy, and regional politics. While the recent escalations have exacerbated tensions, a sustained commitment to dialogue, international mediation, and the two-state solution is necessary to resolve this complex issue. The road to peace requires addressing both political and humanitarian dimensions, creating a foundation for stability in the region.

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