Answer:

Introduction:

Reflecting on Mahatma Gandhi’s profound assertion that “The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated,” it becomes imperative to scrutinize India’s commitment to this ethos through its animal cruelty laws. 

Body:

Current Legal Framework for Animal Protection:

• Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960: The core of India’s legislative framework for animal protection is the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. This Act outlines various forms of animal cruelty and provides for penalties, though often criticized for their inadequacy in deterring such acts. Recent amendments propose to enhance these penalties significantly, aiming for a more robust deterrent effect​​.
• Judicial Interpretations and Enhancements: Indian judiciary has been pivotal in enhancing animal welfare through landmark rulings. Cases such as Animal Welfare Board of India v. Nagaraja have recognized the rights of animals to life and dignity, effectively interpreting these rights within the ambit of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Such judicial activism has extended the scope of animal rights beyond mere survival to ensuring their well-being and protection from cruelty​​.

Comparison with Gandhi’s Ideals:

• Practical Challenges in Law Enforcement: Despite the comprehensive legislative framework, enforcement remains lax, with frequent incidents of cruelty that go unpunished. This gap between law and practice significantly deviates from Gandhi’s vision, which advocates not only for laws but for moral responsibility towards animals reflected in everyday actions and legal compliance​.
• Cultural and Economic Conflicts: Gandhi’s vision also encounters challenges from cultural practices and economic interests that often overlook animal welfare. Activities like Jallikattu and various forms of animal labor persist under cultural justifications, underscoring the complex interplay between tradition and animal rights in India​​.

International Comparisons:

• Stringent Laws Abroad: Countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom have set benchmarks with stringent animal welfare laws and their effective enforcement. These nations provide a contrast to India, showcasing more advanced frameworks for animal protection that include severe penalties and bans on cruel practices​.

Conclusion:

While India has made significant strides in legislative terms to protect animals, aligning more closely with Gandhi’s moral framework necessitates not only stronger laws but also a profound shift in societal attitudes towards animal welfare. The moral progress of a nation, as envisioned by Gandhi, is not solely achieved through laws but through a collective ethical commitment to compassion and respect for all living beings. Thus, India’s journey towards achieving this ideal remains a work in progress, requiring concerted efforts in law enforcement, cultural change, and moral education to truly reflect the greatness Gandhi envisioned.

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