Answer

The “Special Representatives” (SR) mechanism is a diplomatic process between India and China aimed at resolving their boundary dispute. SR talks involve high-level discussions between designated officials from both sides, focusing on de-escalation, confidence-building, and long-term stability. Resuming these talks has positively impacted bilateral ties, enhancing cooperation and trust.

Enroll now for UPSC Online Course

Significance of the SR Mechanism in Addressing the Boundary Dispute between India and China

• High-level diplomatic engagement: The SR mechanism ensures direct, high-level discussions between India and China, facilitating meaningful dialogue on the boundary dispute.
  For example: National Security Adviser Ajit Doval and Chinese Foreign Affairs Minister Wang Yi met in 2024, signaling a renewed commitment to resolving the dispute.
• Systematic approach to boundary issues: The SRs are tasked with managing the boundary dispute through a structured, long-term framework that builds on past agreements and developments.
  For example: The 2005 agreement, which outlines boundary dispute resolution through SR talks, serves as a critical foundation for continued negotiations.
• Focus on Confidence-Building Measures (CBMs): SR talks aim to enhance trust and transparency, especially along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), reducing the risk of conflict.
  For example: The SR mechanism has led to the implementation of de-escalation processes and the establishment of buffer zones, contributing to border stability.
• Preventing military escalation: The SR mechanism plays a pivotal role in preventing military tensions from escalating into conflicts by emphasizing diplomatic solutions over military action.
  For example: In the aftermath of the 2020 standoff, SR talks became crucial in de-escalating the situation and avoiding further military confrontations.
• Encouraging long-term stability: The SR mechanism focuses on resolving underlying issues, creating a framework for addressing future challenges and promoting long-term stability in India-China relations.
  For example: The SR mechanism, as reaffirmed in 2023, continues to guide both countries towards comprehensive solutions that reduce the likelihood of future tensions.

Resumption of SR Talks has Impacted Bilateral Ties

• Restoring diplomatic engagement: The resumption of SR talks has restored regular diplomatic channels, indicating a willingness to move forward despite past tensions.
  For example: The 2023 SR talks were the first since 2019, signaling the revival of constructive dialogue after a four-year hiatus due to military standoffs.
• Renewed focus on cross-border cooperation: The SR talks have helped re-establish cooperation in areas such as the Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra and border trade, improving bilateral relations.
  For example: The agreement to restart the Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra in 2023 symbolizes renewed people-to-people engagement and trust-building measures between India and China.
• Economic ties continue despite tensions: While military tensions persisted, bilateral trade continued to grow, demonstrating that diplomacy through SR talks can mitigate conflict.
  For example: Despite the military standoff in 2020, trade between India and China remained robust, highlighting the importance of maintaining economic ties through diplomatic channels.
• Increased prospects for long-term peace: The resumption of SR talks, coupled with positive agreements, signals progress towards a more stable and peaceful India-China relationship.
  For example: The agreement to hold the next SR talks in India in 2025 reflects the growing momentum for long-term peace and dialogue between the two nations.
• Strengthened international positioning: The resumption of SR talks also serves to position both countries as responsible global actors, reaffirming their commitment to peaceful resolution of disputes.
  For example: The SR talks contribute to both countries’ broader international diplomatic standing, particularly in global forums like the United Nations and SCO

Check Out UPSC CSE Books From PW Store

The Special Representatives (SR) mechanism plays a pivotal role in promoting dialogue and trust between India and China, enabling both nations to address the complex boundary dispute through sustained negotiations. The resumption of SR talks signifies a positive step toward maintaining peace and stability in bilateral ties, promoting constructive engagement and paving the way for a peaceful resolution of the boundary issue in the future.

DOWNLOAD PDF