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Introduction:

In 2021, India released its Arctic Policy, emphasizing the need for sustainable engagement with the Arctic region. This policy underscores India’s increasing interest in the Arctic’s abundant resources and strategic significance. The Arctic’s melting ice has opened new opportunities for resource exploration and maritime navigation, directly influencing India’s economic and geopolitical strategies.

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Factors Necessiating India’s Rising Interest in Arctic

Resource Exploration

• Hydrocarbons and Minerals: The Arctic is estimated to contain 13% of the world’s undiscovered oil and 30% of its undiscovered natural gas.
  For example: India’s collaboration with Russian oil company Rosneft for Arctic oil projects highlights its aim to secure energy resources.
• Renewable Energy Potential: The region offers vast potential for renewable energy projects, including wind, solar, and bioenergy, crucial for India’s transition to sustainable energy sources.
  For instance: India plans to explore opportunities for renewable energy investments in the Arctic, leveraging its expertise in clean energy technologies.

Strategic and Geopolitical Interests

• Shipping Routes: The Northern Sea Route (NSR) reduces shipping distance between Europe and Asia by 40%, lowering transportation costs and enhancing trade efficiency.
  For example: India’s engagement with the NSR aims to boost its maritime trade capabilities and reduce dependency on traditional shipping routes like the Suez Canal.
• Geopolitical Balancing: With China’s increasing Arctic presence, India seeks to assert its influence and ensure a balanced power dynamic in the region.
  For example: India’s permanent observer status in the Arctic Council enables it to participate in Arctic governance and safeguard its strategic interests.

Environmental and Climate Impact

• Climate Change Research: Changes in the Arctic significantly affect global weather patterns, including the Indian monsoon.
  For example: Research at India’s Himadri station in the Arctic enhances understanding of climate change impacts on India’s weather systems.
• Disaster Management: Rising sea levels due to Arctic ice melt pose a threat to coastal regions, necessitating proactive disaster management strategies.
  For instance: India’s Arctic policy includes studying the implications of Arctic ice melt on Indian coastal areas and implementing mitigation measures.

Scientific Collaboration and Innovation

• Research and Development: Collaborating with Arctic nations in scientific research enhances technological innovation and knowledge sharing.
  For example: The acquisition of a Polar Research Vessel by India aims to strengthen its research capabilities in the Arctic.
• Cultural and Educational Exchanges: Promoting exchanges between Arctic and Himalayan indigenous communities fosters mutual learning and cultural ties.
  For example: India’s initiatives for educational and cultural exchanges help build strong relations with Arctic communities.

Conclusion:

India’s engagement with the Arctic region is driven by a strategic blend of resource security, geopolitical interests, environmental concerns, and scientific collaboration. India can further secure long-term benefits while contributing to global sustainability efforts and ensuring a balanced geopolitical landscape by  adopting sustainable practices, enhancing international cooperation, and strengthening its research infrastructure.

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