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November 07, 2024 05:50
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MGNREGA is the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act launched to ensure the “right to work” for rural people.
MGNERGA: The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is a landmark social security scheme launched by the Government of India to ensure the “right to work” for rural households. Established in 2005, this scheme provides unskilled manual work to promote livelihood security, reduce poverty, and improve rural infrastructure. Understanding MGNREGA is crucial for UPSC aspirants as it touches upon rural development, social welfare, and poverty alleviation.
The full form of the MGNREGA is Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. The scheme guarantees at least 100 days of paid employment per year to every rural household willing to do unskilled manual labor. It aims to boost rural livelihoods, improve infrastructure, and create sustainable assets, ultimately enhancing economic stability in rural areas. The scheme also aims to reduce migration from rural to urban areas by providing job opportunities locally.
| Aspect | Details |
| MGNREGA Full Form | Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act |
| Official Launch Date of the MGNREGA Scheme | 2nd February 2006 |
| Act Passed On | 23rd August 2005 |
| Former Name of MGNREGA | National Rural Employment Guarantee Act |
| Difference Between MGNREGA and MGNREGS | MGNREGS is the scheme based on the MGNREGA Act |
| Number of Districts Covered | 708 districts as of 11th February 2021 |
| Key Stakeholders |
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| MGNREGA Job Card | A document that entitles a worker to work under the MGNREGA Scheme |
| Mandate of Mahatma Gandhi NREGS | Provision of at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year |
| MGNREGA Official Website | https://nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx |
Recent Updates in MGNREGAFor the financial year 2023-24, under Section 6(1) of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005, the Ministry of Rural Development has announced revised wage rates, effective from April 1, 2023. The new rates are based on changes in the Consumer Price Index for Agricultural Labourers (CPI-AL). Key updates in MGNREGA wages:
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The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was enacted on 23rd August 2005 and officially launched on 2nd February 2006. It was initially known as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA).
MGNREGA was initially implemented in the Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh in 2006 and later expanded to cover rural areas throughout India.
MGNREGA was implemented in a phased manner nationwide, focusing on unskilled manual labor for rural development projects. Over time, the scheme has expanded to cover 708 districts as of February 2021 and has become one of the world’s largest employment guarantee programs.
Under MGNREGA, each state is mandated to establish a State Employment Guarantee Council (SEGC). The SEGC is responsible for advising the state government on MGNREGA implementation. It monitors the scheme’s progress and ensures that objectives are met effectively.
Key Functions of SEGC:
To apply for an MGNREGA Job card, candidates must fulfill the eligibility criteria. Here is the eligibility for MGNREGA that individuals must meet:
Under MGNREGA, each rural household is guaranteed at least 100 days of employment in a financial year. In certain states and under specific circumstances, this can extend up to 150 days to support rural families during crises.
MGNREGA remains one of India’s most impactful social welfare programs, addressing rural poverty while promoting sustainable development and economic resilience. Understanding its features and benefits is essential for UPSC aspirants.
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