National Song of India Vande Mataram: History, and Significance

National Song of India Vande Mataram is more than just a song, it is a symbol of India’s cultural and spiritual identity. Originally written as a poem in the novel Anandamath, it became a rallying point for millions during the freedom struggle. Today, it remains a significant part of national ceremonies and educational curricula. The national song of India Vande Mataram was composed by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.  

What is Vande Mataram?

Vande Mataram is the national song of India. It is a poem that became a powerful emblem of patriotism and national unity. Written in Sanskritised Bengali, it celebrates the motherland. The song holds significant historical importance, deeply linked with India’s struggle for freedom. 

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National Song of India Vande Mataram Overview

The song “Vande Mataram” (meaning “I bow to thee, Mother”) serves as a patriotic tribute to the motherland. It was first sung at a political meeting of the Indian National Congress in 1896 by Rabindranath Tagore. Its history is deeply intertwined with the Partition of Bengal and the subsequent Swadeshi Movement.

Note: The song’s adoption was formalised by the Constituent Assembly of India under the chairmanship of Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

Objective and Significance of National Song of India Vande Mataram

The primary objective of Vande Mataram during the colonial era was to instil a sense of pride and unity among Indians. It served as a spiritual invocation of India as a mother goddess. Its significance lies in its ability to transcend regional and linguistic barriers, becoming a common voice against British rule.

History and Composition of National Song of India Vande Mataram

The history of Vande Mataram reflects the evolving nature of Indian nationalism. Composed in the 1870s, the lyrics were later included in the 1882 novel Anandamath.

• Who Wrote Vande Mataram: It was authored by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.
• Original Language: The poem was a mix of Sanskrit and Bengali words.
• 150 Years of Vande Mataram: Recent years have seen nationwide celebrations marking the 150th anniversary of its composition, highlighting its enduring legacy.

Role of Vande Mataram in Freedom Struggle

Vande Mataram became the “mantra” of the Indian independence movement. It became a popular protest song against British rule. The colonial government banned its public recital. Many activists faced imprisonment for singing it. Despite this, people often sang the song in defiance. 

• Vande Mataram First Sung: Rabindranath Tagore sang Vande Mataram at the Calcutta Congress Session in 1896.
• Flag Symbolism: Bhikaiji Cama included “Vande Mataram” on the first version of India’s national flag in 1907.
• Martyr’s Cry: Matangini Hazra’s last words before being shot were “Vande Mataram.”
• Mass Movement: In 1906, over ten thousand people marched with Vande Mataram flags in Barisal, showcasing its widespread influence. The use of Vande Mataram during the partition of Bengal further solidified its role.

Its impact was particularly visible during the following events:

• Partition of Bengal (1905): It became the primary slogan of protesters against the partition, leading to the Vande Mataram Movement.
• Vande Mataram Movement of Gulbarga: Students and activists in various regions, including Gulbarga, used the song to demonstrate defiance against colonial policies.
• Rallying Cry: Freedom fighters like Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal used it to mobilize the masses.

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Adoption of Vande Mataram as National Song of India

On January 24, 1950, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the first two stanzas of Vande Mataram as the National Song.

Difference Between National Anthem and National Song

While both are of high national importance, there are key differences:

Vande Mataram Lyrics and Meaning

The first stanza of the song focuses on the beauty of the Indian landscape, describing it as “rich with hurrying streams” and “bright with orchard gleams.”

• Vande Mataram Meaning: “I bow to thee, Mother.”
• Imagery: The lyrics personify India as a benevolent mother providing sustenance and protection to her children.

Interesting Vande Mataram Facts

Some interesting Vande Mataram facts are as follows: 

• The first political occasion where it was sung was the 1896 session of the Indian National Congress.
• The British government banned the public singing of the song during the Swadeshi Movement to suppress nationalist fervor.
• It has been translated into several languages and set to various musical tunes, the most famous being the one by Rabindranath Tagore.

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Key Rules of Vande Mataram

Vande Mataram is the national song of India. Its official status means it shares equal honor with the National Anthem.

Official Guidelines for Vande Mataram

There are no formal rules or decorum for reciting or singing Vande Mataram. This contrasts with the strict protocols for the National Anthem, “Jana Gana Mana.” The Government of India has affirmed that both stand on the same level. Citizens should accord equal respect to both.

Historical Context of Selection

The first two stanzas were selected due to their universal appeal. Later stanzas, referencing Hindu goddesses, were deemed potentially contentious. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore supported the adoption of only the initial verses. This decision aimed to unite all communities.

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