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June 25, 2024 1388 0
The British understood that India’s countryside could serve dual purposes: yield revenue and grow crops Europe needed. By the late eighteenth century, they used various methods to promote and expand cultivation of indigo, jute, tea, sugarcane, wheat, cotton, and rice in diverse Indian regions.
Origin of Indigo: This blue dye was derived from the indigo plant.
Historical Usage: By the thirteenth century, manufacturers in Italy, France, and Britain used Indian indigo for dyeing.
Increased Demand and Limited Supply: As existing indigo sources from the West Indies and America dwindled, the fast industrializing Britain saw a surge in cotton production, consequently increasing indigo demand.
Stakeholders: Company officials and commercial agents invested in indigo production.
Nij System: In this system, planters directly managed the land, either purchased or rented.
Setting and Process:
Oppression: The system of indigo cultivation was extremely oppressive.
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Europe’s demand for indigo fueled British East India Company exploitation in India. While cultivation methods like Nij and Ryotwari systems yielded profits, they burdened farmers. The Indigo Rebellion exposed these issues, leading to reforms. However, synthetic dyes and Gandhi’s Champaran Movement ultimately sealed indigo’s fate.
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