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Indo-Islamic Architecture I: Jama Masjid and Mandu’s Marvels

June 20, 2024 450 0

Medieval Indian architecture witnessed a confluence of styles, techniques, and motifs. This fusion wasn’t confined to grand royal structures but was prominently visible in spaces used by the non-royal sections of society. These included buildings for domestic usage, temples, mosques, khanqahs and dargahs, commemorative gateways, pavilions in buildings and gardens, bazaars, etc.

Jama Masjid

Central Structure: Large mosques, or Jama Masjids, became central fixtures in the urban fabric of medieval India

  • More than just religious sites, these structures played multifaceted roles. 
  • Every Friday, they teemed with life as congregational prayers were held. 
  • Purpose: Essential to these gatherings was the Khutba, where, apart from religious teachings, the ruler’s laws were announced.

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  • Religious-Social Hub: Interestingly, a city typically has one Jama Masjid, making it a nexus of both religious and social activities. 
  • Inclusive Thriving: It was not only Muslims but also non-Muslims who thrived in the vibrant surroundings of the Jama Masjid, partaking in commercial and cultural exchanges. 
  • Cloistered Courtyards: Architecturally, these mosques were expansive with open courtyards. On three sides, cloisters would frame the space, while the Qibla Liwan occupied the western side. 
  • Essential Mihrab: It was here that the essential mihrab, indicating the direction of the sacred Kaaba in Mecca, was found, guiding worshippers during their prayers.

Mandu

About: Mandu, which is about 2,000 feet above sea level, is a testament to India’s rich architectural heritage. 

  • It strategically located the Malwa Plateau to the north and the verdant Narmada Valley to the south.

Historical Significance and Inhabitants

  • Influence: Mandu witnessed varied cultural influences, with Parmara Rajputs, Afghans, and Mughals finding solace in its natural fortifications.
1 14
Hindola Mahal

 

    • It garnered immense fame as the capital of the Ghauri Dynasty under Hoshang Shah.
  • Legends of Mandu: The city is steeped in romance, echoing tales of Sultan Baz Bahadur and Rani Rupmati, and was a preferred retreat for Mughals during monsoon.

Mandu: An Architectural Marvel

  • Medieval Marvel:Mandu stands as a prime representation of medieval provincial art and architecture. 
image 30
Jahaaz Mahal , Mandu
  • Palatial Amalgamation:It beautifully amalgamates official and residential palaces, pleasure pavilions, mosques, artificial reservoirs and baolis embattlements.
  • Monumental Airiness: Despite their monumentality, the structures, designed as arched pavilions, are airy and cool. 
  • Architectural Affinity: The adept use of local stone and marble further emphasises Mandu’s architectural affinity to its environment.

Structural Feature of Mandu

  • Royal Enclave: A romantic collection of structures enveloping two artificial lakes.
image 31
Hoshang Shah’s tomb
  • Hindola Mahal: Its buttressed design resembles a railway viaduct bridge. The sultan greeted his subjects here. 
  • Jahaz Mahal: A graceful ‘ship-palace’ crafted by Sultan Ghiyasuddin Khilji, featuring open pavilions and a terrace swimming pool. 
  • Rani Rupmati Pavilion: It offers panoramic views of the Narmada Valley.
  • Baz Bahadur’s Palace: It encompasses a grand courtyard surrounded by halls and terraces.
  • Hoshang Shah’s Tomb: It exhibits Afghan robustness, complemented by delicate lattice work and toranas.
  • Jama Masjid: Built for mass Friday prayers, it showcases red sandstone, an imposing gateway, and intricately carved brackets in the mimbar. 
image 33
Jama Masjid, Mandu

Legacy in the Architectural Narrative 

Uniqueness: While Mandu’s architecture closely mirrors Imperial Delhi, it uniquely interpolates robust Pathan aesthetics with intricate surface details. 

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Conclusion

Indo-Islamic architecture extended beyond grand structures. Jama Masjids served as religious and social hubs. Mandu, a provincial marvel, showcased a blend of palaces, mosques, and reservoirs. Its Hoshang Shah’s Tomb exemplifies the fusion of Pathan and Indo-Islamic styles. This architecture reflects the rich tapestry of medieval Indian life.

Related Articles 
Indo-Islamic Architecture: Fusion of Cultures MUGHAL PERIOD (1526-40 AND 1555-1857)
Temple Architecture: Symbolism, Evolution, and Styles EARLY MEDIEVAL INDIA (C.600-1200 CE)

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हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध
Quick Revise Now !
UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
Integration of PYQ within the booklet
Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध

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