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Microorganisms: Dual Role in Food, Medicine, Environment and Health

December 22, 2023 1152 0

Microorganisms – Balancing acts in Food, Environment and Medicine: 

Microorganisms have significant roles in our lives, both beneficial and harmful. Friendly microorganisms are used in food preparations like curd, bread, and cake. They are important in environmental clean-up because they break down organic waste into harmless substances. They are utilized in medicine preparation. They enhance soil fertility through nitrogen fixation.

How do microorganisms impact our well-being, sustain life and influence the future?

  • Role in Food Production: Making of Curd and Bread: Bacterium, Lactobacillus, promotes curd formation by converting milk.
    • Bacteria and yeast aid in food fermentation, such as in idlis and dosa batter.
    • Yeast’s carbon dioxide production during respiration is used in the baking industry.

image 2023 12 22t170931 231

  • Commercial Use of Microorganisms: Crafting alcohol through fermentation: Microbes, especially yeast, aid in producing alcohol, wine, and acetic acid.
    • The process of converting sugar into alcohol using yeast is termed fermentation.

image 2023 12 22t170923 872

  • Medicinal Use of Microorganisms: Healing power of antibiotics in health and agriculture: Antibiotics, sourced from microbes, combat disease-causing microbes.
      • Examples: Streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin.
      • Antibiotics are also added to livestock feed to prevent microbial infections and control plant diseases.
  • Vaccination in building immunity: Introducing dead or weakened microbes into a healthy body makes it produce antibodies against those microbes.
  • These antibodies provide protection against certain diseases.
  • Vaccination can prevent diseases like cholera, tuberculosis, smallpox, and hepatitis.
  • Increasing Soil Fertility and Cleaning the Environment: Certain bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen, enriching the soil and enhancing its fertility, these bacteria are known as biological nitrogen fixers.
  • Microbes assist in converting plant and food wastes into manure. 
  • Figure The Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).

image 2023 12 22t170901 112

Microorganisms Endangering Plants, Animals and Humans:

  • While many microorganisms are beneficial, several are harmful and cause diseases in humans, plants, and animals. These disease-causing entities are termed pathogens. 

image 2023 12 22t171458 694 1

Communicable diseases and their modes of transmission in humans

  • Pathogens can invade our systems via the air, water, food, or direct contact.
  • Communicable Diseases  in Human Health: Diseases that spread from an infected individual to a healthy one are termed communicable diseases.
    • Examples: cholera, common cold, chicken pox, and tuberculosis.
  • The common cold, for instance, spreads when an infected person sneezes, releasing virus-laden droplets into the air.

Role of insects and animals in pathogen transmission:

  • Houseflies, which frequent garbage and excreta, can transfer pathogens to uncovered food.
  • Female Anopheles mosquito carries the malaria parasite.
  • Female Aedes mosquito is a carrier of the dengue virus.

Practical measures to prevent Pathogen Transmission:

  • Always cover food and avoid consuming exposed food items.
  • Prevent water accumulation to stop mosquito breeding.
  • Maintain clean and dry surroundings.

Animal Diseases: What causes them?

  • Microbes also inflict diseases on animals.
  • Anthrax affects both humans and cattle and is caused by a bacterium.
  • The foot and mouth disease in cattle is due to a virus.

image 2023 12 22t171638 111

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AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD SOON
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Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
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Quick Revise Now !
UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
Integration of PYQ within the booklet
Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध

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