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July 27, 2024
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Profound social and political changes characterised Punjab in the 1980s. After Punjab was reorganised based on language in 1966, the Sikh population became the largest group. Despite being in government coalitions, the Akali Dal, which represents Sikh interests, encountered many challenges. Their call for political independence reached its peak with the 1973 Anandpur Sahib Resolution, leading to the following armed uprising.
Period of change in 1980s: The decade of 1980s also witnessed major developments in the State of Punjab.
Akali Dal into power: After the reorganization, the Akali coalition government came to power in 1967 and then in 1977.
Anandpur Sahib Resolution
Militants Fortify Golden Temple: The militants of the movement made their headquarters inside Sikh holy shrine, Golden Temple in Amritsar, and turned it into an armed fortress.
In 1984, the new Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi initiated a dialogue with moderate Akali leaders and in July 1985, an agreement was signed known as Rajiv Gandhi – Longowal Accord or the Punjab Accord. Harchand Singh Longowal was the then President of the Akali Dal.
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Punjab saw considerable social and political upheaval in the 1980s. The state was significantly impacted by the Akali Dal’s quest for political independence and the subsequent upsurge in militancy that followed the Anandpur Sahib Resolution. Long-lasting injuries were inflicted by events like the anti-Sikh riots and Operation Blue Star. By the middle of the 1990s, peace initiatives like the Punjab Accord had created a tranquil atmosphere that allowed Punjab to concentrate again on social and economic development.
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