News of The Day – 28th July 2025

SOURCES: The Hindu, Indian Express, Live Mint, Business Standard, Economic Times, and PIB.

• About Chola dynasty and its Legacy
• Cultural Significance
• About maritime expedition of Rajendra Chola I to South East Asia
• Modern Relevance

• About PM-VBRY
• Key Features of the Scheme
• Economic Impact

• About Atal Pension Yojana.
• Achievements of Atal Pension Yojana and Social Impact.
• Challenges: Issues with awareness and enrollment in rural areas.

• About ‘Bima Sakhi Yojana.
• Key Features: Training and employment for women as insurance agents.
• Social Impact: Promotes financial inclusion and gender equality.

• About the US-EU trade deal with 15% tariffs.
• Potential effects on Indian exports and trade negotiations.
• Strategic Response to Trade Uncertainty.

• About China’s hydropower project on the Yarlung Zangbo (Brahmaputra).
• India’s Concerns
• Risks of water flow disruption and flooding in downstream states.
• Impact on India-China bilateral relations.
• Need for diplomatic talks and water-sharing agreements.

• About Deep-brain stimulation (DBS
• Mechanism Used 
• Medical Impact
• Challenges and ethical concerns

• About  India’s first hydrogen-powered railway coach.
• Environmental Benefits and Future Plan
• About hydrogen fuel cells.

• About EXERCISE BOLD KURUKSHETRA 2025
• Focus Areas: Counter-terrorism, joint operations, and tactical drills.
• Geopolitical Significance

• Supreme Court panel Recommendations
• Environmental Concerns
• Mitigation Measures.
• About Great India Busturds

• Animal Testing and Ethical Concerns
• Historical Shift from Human to Animal Testing
• Inefficacy of Animal Testing for Human Outcomes
• Case for Transition to Bioartificial Models
• Role of Education and Visual Models in Reducing Animal Use
• Benefits of Shifting to Ex-Corpus and Artificial Biological Models
• Challenges in Adopting Biological Models
• Ethical and Moral Imperatives for Change
• Relevance to India’s Policy and Ethical Framework