Peshwa Bajirao 1, also known as Peshwa Bajirao I, was the peshwa (prime minister) of the Maratha Empire under Shahu’s rule. He served as the peshwa from 1720 to 1740. As a military genius, Bajirao I expanded the Maratha power in Malwa and Gujarat and also extended it into North India. He was also responsible for the downfall of the Mughal Empire during the reign of Muhammad Shah. Bajirao 1 also played a role in the growth of the Maratha Empire and introduction of the hereditary system of Peshwas.

Who was Peshwa Bajirao 1

Peshwa Bajirao 1 was born to the famous Bhat family. Peshwa Bajirao 1 was the son of the then peshwa Balaji Vishvanath Bhat. In 1720, he became the peshwa of the Maratha Empire. In a career spanning two decades, Peshwa Bajirao 1 became one of the most influential military leaders in Indian history. 

He was renowned for his battlefield tactics and strategy. He is often described as one of the greatest warriors to have ever fought for India. Bajirao 1 was also known for his strategy of fast cavalry charges and surprise attacks and his ability to win battles with smaller armies. Bajirao 1’s love story with Mastani and his marriage to Kashibai is well known as a part of Maratha folklore.

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Peshwa Bajirao 1 Biography

The Peshwa Bajirao 1 biography begins with his birth in the Bhat family in 1700. Bajirao was groomed in military, administrative, and leadership skills from a young age. Upon his father Balaji Vishvanath’s death, Bajirao was appointed as the peshwa at a young age, injecting vigor and strategic acumen into the administration.

Bajirao expanded the Maratha empire into central and northern India, notably in Malwa and Gujarat. His conquests weakened the Mughal empire and established the Marathas as a dominant force. Bajirao’s leadership style combined strict discipline, battlefield innovation, and administrative expertise, earning him the loyalty of his soldiers and ministers.

A warrior at heart, Bajirao also patronized art, culture, and learning. His court in Pune became a center for scholars, poets, and artists. The Peshwa Bajirao 1 biography delves into his personal life, including his wife Kashibai, his son Balaji Baji Rao, and his relationship with Mastani.

Peshwa Bajirao 1 Family Tree

The Bajirao Peshwa family tree reflects the hereditary nature of the peshwa post. Bajirao’s father, Balaji Vishvanath Bhat, was the first hereditary peshwa. Bajirao’s son, Balaji Baji Rao (Nanasaheb), succeeded him after his untimely death in 1740. The family tree also includes Bajirao’s wife Kashibai and his other children with Mastani. The lineage continued to influence the Maratha confederacy for several decades.

Peshwa Bajirao 1 Battles

Peshwa Bajirao 1 was a brilliant military strategist whose battles expanded the Maratha Empire across India. His victories showcased his use of fast cavalry, smart tactics, and strategic planning, making him one of the most respected warriors of his time. Key Battles of Peshwa Bajirao 1:

1. Battle of Palkhed (1728)

This was Bajirao’s first major victory against the Nizam of Hyderabad. He used rapid cavalry movements and encirclement tactics to cut off the Nizam’s supply lines, forcing him to surrender without heavy bloodshed.

2. Battle of Bhopal (1737)

In this battle, Bajirao defeated the Mughal forces in Malwa, solidifying Maratha control in central India. His strategic positioning and swift attacks allowed him to overcome a numerically superior enemy.

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3. Battle of Malwa (1732–1734)

Bajirao led Maratha forces into Malwa to weaken Mughal authority. By winning key forts and controlling trade routes, he expanded Maratha influence and secured revenue-rich regions.

4. Battle of Delhi (1737)

Bajirao marched towards Delhi, confronting Mughal forces directly. His tactical brilliance forced the Mughals to retreat, signaling the growing strength of the Maratha Empire in northern India.

5. Other Key Skirmishes

Bajirao also fought several smaller battles in Gujarat, Bundelkhand, and Khandesh. In each engagement, his use of fast-moving cavalry, intelligence, and strategic surprise ensured consistent victories for the Marathas.

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Peshwa Bajirao 1 Death 

The reason behind Bajirao Peshwa death was that he was taken by a sudden illness in 1740. At the time, he was 40 years old. This shocked the whole Maratha Empire. His son, Balaji Baji Rao, succeeded him as the peshwa and kept on with his father’s work of fortifying and expanding the Maratha confederacy. He also had a huge impact on Kashibai, who devoted her life to austerity after his death.

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