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Science & Technology Questions in UPSC Prelims 2025—Check trend analysis, number of questions, difficulty level, and UPSC Science & Technology Questions with answers.
PWOnlyIAS
May 30, 2025
Science & Technology Questions in UPSC Prelims 2025 form a significant and strategic component of the General Studies Paper 1. With the evolving nature of the UPSC Civil Services Examination, this section continues to reflect the integration of current affairs with foundational scientific knowledge, making it essential for aspirants to prepare this domain comprehensively.
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UPSC Prelims Question Paper & Answer Key 2025 |
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| UPSC Prelims Question Paper 2025 | Download Link |
| UPSC Prelims Answer Key 2025 | Download Link |
| UPSC Prelims Answer Key 2025 with Solution | Download Link |
In UPSC Prelims 2025, Science & Technology contributed 13 questions, which were categorised as Easy to Moderate in difficulty level. These questions were primarily based on recent technological developments, ISRO missions, defence innovations, and fundamental scientific concepts.
The UPSC Prelims Science & Technology Questions & Answers 2025 covered a wide array of topics such as India’s space programme, defence research, diseases, biotechnology, and environmental science. As per analysis, these questions not only test rote knowledge but require a nuanced understanding of real-world applications and policy relevance.
| Science & Technology Questions in UPSC Prelims 2025 Overview | |
| Feature | Details |
| Exam Name | UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2025 |
| Subject | Science & Technology |
| Number of Questions | 13 |
| Focus Areas | ISRO Missions, Biotechnology, Health & Diseases, Communication & IT, Nanotech |
| Type of Questions | Conceptual + Analytical + Current Affairs-based |
| Difficulty Level | Easy to Moderate |
| Significance | High—Crucial for scoring due to dynamic and high-yield content |
| Trend | Integration with Current Affairs, especially in Health, Space & Defence Tech |
Stay ahead in your UPSC preparation with UPSC Science & Technology Questions With Answers 2025. This section offers well-explained and updated answers to Science & Technology questions asked in UPSC Prelims 2025:
1. Consider the following types of vehicles:
I. Full battery electric vehicles
II. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
III. Fuel cell-electric hybrid vehicles
How many of the above are considered as alternative powertrain vehicles?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All the three
(d) None
2. With reference to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), consider the following statements:
I. All types of UAVs can do vertical landing.
II. All types of UAVs can do automated hovering.
III.All types of UAVs can use battery only as a source of power supply.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All the three
(d) None
3. In the context of electric vehicle batteries, consider the following elements:
I. Cobalt
II. Graphite
III. Lithium
IV. Nickel
How many of the above usually make up battery cathodes?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(d) All the four
4. What is the common characteristic of the chemical substances generally known as CL-20, HMX and LLM-105, which are sometimes talked about in media?
(a) These are alternatives to hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants
(b) These are explosives in military weapons
(c) These are high-energy fuels for cruise missiles
(d) These are fuels for rocket propulsion
5. Consider the following statements:
I. It is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum computing.
II. Majorana 1 chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services (AWS).
III. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) I and II only
(b) II and III only
(c) I and III only
(d) I, II and III
6. With reference to monoclonal antibodies, often mentioned in news, consider the following statements:
I. They are man-made proteins.
II. They stimulate immunological function due to their ability to bind to specific antigens.
III. They are used in treating viral infections like that of Nipah virus.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) I and II only
(b) II and III only
(c) I and III only
(d) I, II and III
7. Consider the following statements:
I. No virus can survive in ocean water.
II. No virus can infect bacteria.
III. No virus can change the cellular transcriptional activity in host cells.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All the three
(d) None
8. Consider the following statements:
Statement I: Studies indicate that carbon dioxide emissions from cement industry account for more than 5% of global carbon emissions.
Statement II: Silica-bearing clay is mixed with limestone while manufacturing cement.
Statement III: Limestone is converted into lime during clinker production for cement manufacturing.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
(a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I
(b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I
(c) Only one of the Statements II and Statement III is correct and that explain statement t I
(d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct
9. GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) uses a system of ground stations to provide necessary augmentation. Which of the following statements is/are correct in respect of GAGAN?
I. It is designed to provide additional accuracy and integrity.
II. It will allow more uniform and high quality air traffic management.
III. It will provide benefits only in aviation but not in other modes of transportation.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) I, II and III
(b) I only
(c) II and III only
(d) I and II only
10. Consider the following statements regarding AI Action Summit held in Grand Palais, Paris in February 2025:
I. Co-chaired with India, the event builds on the advances made at the Bletchley Park Summit held in 2023 and the Seoul Summit held in 2024.
II. Along with other countries, the US and UK also signed the declaration on inclusive and sustainable AI.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) Both I and I
(d) Neither I nor II
11. Consider the following statements:
Statement I: Some rare earth elements are used in the manufacture of flat television screens and computer monitors.
Statement II: Some rare earth elements have phosphorescent properties.
Which one of the following is correct?
(a) Both are correct and II explains I
(b) Both are correct but II does not explain I
(c) Only I is correct
(d) Only II is correct
12. Consider the following space missions:
I. Axiom-4
II. SpaDeX
III. Gaganyaan
How many of the space missions given above encourage and support microgravity research?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
13. With reference to India’s defence, consider the following pairs:
| Aircraft Type | Description |
| I. Dornier-228 | Maritime patrol aircraft |
| II. IL-76 | Supersonic combat aircraft |
| III. C-17 Globemaster III | Military transport aircraft |
How many of the pairs are correctly matched?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
The Science & Technology Questions in UPSC Prelims 2025 hold increasing importance, especially as the examination pattern shifts towards analytical and integrated understanding. This subject is essential for candidates aiming to enhance their overall scores and secure a place in the mains.
In UPSC Prelims 2025, questions have stemmed from domains such as:
The successful attempt of these questions requires more than rote learning. Aspirants must synthesise current events with underlying scientific principles, making the preparation both intensive and intellectually stimulating.
A crucial question among aspirants is the number of Science & Technology questions in UPSC Prelims 2025. As per the paper analysis, there were a total of about 13 questions till now. This continues the trend of allocating 10-15% weightage to this subject area, making it crucial for scoring well in the preliminary stage.
Here’s a quick glance at the number of Science & Technology questions in recent years:
| Trend Analysis of Science & Technology Questions in UPSC Prelims | |
| Year | Number of Questions |
| 2025 | 13 |
| 2024 | 10 |
| 2023 | 9 |
| 2022 | 14 |
| 2021 | 12 |
| 2020 | 12 |
| 2019 | 11 |
| 2018 | 13 |
| 2017 | 6 |
This statistical trend shows that Science & Technology Questions in UPSC Prelims have become increasingly consistent and relevant to contemporary global and national contexts.
The UPSC Prelims Science & Technology Questions & Answers 2025 mostly emerged from recurring thematic areas. These themes are critical in designing a focused and effective preparation strategy.
| Themes | Relevance in Prelims 2025 |
| Basics of Biology | Cells, Tissues, DNA/RNA-related questions |
| Microorganisms | Virus, Bacteria, Fungi |
| Health and Diseases | COVID-19 aftermath, Vaccines |
| Communication Technology | 5G, Satellite Communication |
| Information Technology | AI, Quantum Computing, Blockchain |
| Space Technology | Chandrayaan-3, Aditya-L1 |
| Defence Technology | DRDO systems, Missile Technology |
| Nanotechnology | Applications in health and industry |
| Space Science | Black holes, gravitational waves |
| Everyday Science | Scientific phenomena in daily life |
| Patents & IPR | Legal and technological interfaces |
These themes indicate that candidates must possess not only textbook knowledge but also an understanding of applied science, especially where it intersects with governance, innovation, and policy.
The Science & Technology Questions in UPSC Prelims 2025 were strongly grounded in current affairs. For effective preparation, future aspirants are advised to rely on:
A foundational understanding of scientific concepts is necessary before approaching complex current affairs-based topics.
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