Site |
Features |
Harappa
State – Punjab (Pakistan)River- Ravi |
- First archaeological site of the Indus Valley civilization to be discovered, that’s why the civilization is named after it.
- Two rows of six Granaries, Male torso (Red sandstone), Stone symbols of lingam and Yoni, Mother Goddess and Dice, Mother goddess.
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Mohenjo-daro
State – Sindh (Pakistan)
River – Indus |
- Post cremation burial, Great Granary, Great Bath (largest building), Seal with Pashupathi and mother goddess, Bronze statue of the dancing girl, Bronze buffalo, bearded man.
- It had a planned town built on a platform, having two distinct areas. One is identified as a citadel and the other as the lower town.
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Chanhu-daro
State – Sindh (Pakistan)
River – Indus |
- Exclusively devoted to craft production, including bead-making, shell-cutting, metal-working, seal-making and Weight-making, dog’s paw imprint on brick, Terracotta model of bullock cart, and Bronze toy cart.
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Lothal
State – Gujarat
River – Confluence of Bhogava and Sabarmati river |
- Important naval trade site,Port and Dockyard, Granaries, Rice husk, Double burial (male and female together).
- The Citadel was not walled off but was built at a height.
- The entire settlement was fortified, and sections within the town were also separated by walls.
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Dholavira
State – Gujarat
River – Luni |
- UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Unique water harvesting and system and its stormwater drainage system, Megalithic stone circle, specialised drill, giant water reservoirs [UPSC 2021]
- Stone was used in construction.
- An ancient signboard had been found with letters engraved on it.
- Only site is divided into 3 parts (Citadel, Middle town and Lower town).
- The entire settlement was fortified, and sections within the town were also separated by walls.
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Surkotada
State – Gujarat |
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Kalibangan
State – Rajasthan
River – Luni |
- Bangle factory, Ploughed field surface, Camel bones, Fire altars, Bronze figure of a bull.
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Banawali
State – Haryana
River – Rangoi |
- Centre of Pre-Harappan, Mature and Late Harappan civilisation.
- Oval-shaped settlement, Barley grains, Lapis Lazuli (blue gem), Fire altars.
- Lack of systematic drainage and the only city with Radial streets.
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Ropar
State – Punjab
River – Sutlej |
- First site to be excavated after independence.
- Dog buried with human; oval pit burials.
- A copper axe was found.
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Rakhi Garhi
State – Haryana |
- Largest site of the Indus Valley Civilization.
- Shows all three phases of Harappa Culture.
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Rangpur
State – Gujarat
River – Madar |
- Remains of both pre-Harappan and mature Harappan culture: Yellow and grey colour pots of pre-Harappan people.
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Alamgirpur
State – Uttar Pradesh
River – Hindon |
- Late Harappan Culture.
- A broken copper blade and an impression of cloth on a trough.
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Daimabad
State – Maharashtra
River – Pravara |
- Bronze images (charioteer with chariot, ox, elephant and rhinoceros).
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Kot-Diji
State – Sindh (Pakistan)
River – Sindh |
- The fortification was made of mud bricks and stone.
- ‘Wellfired red and buff wares’ pottery is found with common motifs like horned deity, pipal leaves and fish scales executed in black.
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Amri
State – Sindh (Pakistan)
River – Sindh |
- Pre-Harappan settlement; Transitional culture between pre and post-Harappan culture; actual remains of rhinoceros.
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Suktagendor
State – Sindh (Pakistan)
River – Dasht River |
- Ash-filled pot, copper axe, earthen bangles & pottery.
- Originally a port later cut off from sea due to coastal upliftment; had trade links with Babylon.
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