Indus Valley Civilization: Division of Harappan Culture

Introduction

The Indus Valley Civilization, or the Harappan Culture, appeared in the northwestern part of India and Pakistan in the third millennium BC and represents the first phase of urbanisation in India. This civilisation appeared gradually with the beginnings of the Neolithic villages in the region dating back to about 7000 BC at the Mehrgarh (Balochistan, Pakistan).

Division of Harappan Culture

Phase	Important sites	Features
Early Harappan or Regionalisation (3300- 2600 BC)	Harappa, Kot Diji, Amri	Fortification, grid planning, development of incipient trade network and craft specialisation
Transitional Phase	Kunal, Dholavira, Harappa	An increasing level of craft specialisation, an organised irrigation system, a partly standardized repertoire of pottery designs and forms.
Mature Harappan or Integration (2600- 1800 BC)	Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, Kalibangan, Dholavira	Full-scale urbanisation, the emergence of writing and uniformity in artefacts, a full-fledged trade.
Late Harappan or Localisation (Post 1800- 1300 BC)	Cemetery at Harappa, Siswal, Rojdi, Rangpur	Decline and abandonment of some sites, rise of pastoral mode.

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Geographical Extension of Indus Valley Civilization

North: Shortugai (Afghanistan)
West: Sutkagendor on the Pakistan–Iran border
East: Alamgirpur (Uttar Pradesh, India)
South: Daimabad (Maharashtra, India)
Its core areas were in Pakistan, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Haryana.

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Conclusion

The Indus Valley Civilization stands as a testament to the ingenuity and achievements of ancient peoples.
- Its well-planned cities, technological advancements, and extensive trade networks highlight the sophistication of Harappan society.
  - The Indus Valley Civilization remains an invaluable window into the complexities of early urban life and the enduring quest for human progress.

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Indus Valley Civilization: Division of Harappan Culture

Introduction

Division of Harappan Culture

Geographical Extension of Indus Valley Civilization

Conclusion

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Indus Valley Civilization: Division of Harappan Culture

Introduction

Division of Harappan Culture

Geographical Extension of Indus Valley Civilization

Conclusion

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