All About The Important Sites and Features of IVC

River- Ravi 

• First archaeological site of the Indus Valley civilization to be discovered, that’s why the civilization is named after it.
• Two rows of six Granaries, Male torso (Red sandstone), Stone symbols of lingam and Yoni, Mother Goddess and Dice, Mother goddess.

State – Sindh (Pakistan)
River – Indus

• Largest site of the Indus Valley civilization
• Post cremation burial, Great Granary, Great Bath (largest building), Seal with Pashupathi and mother goddess, Bronze statue of the dancing girl, Bronze buffalo, bearded man.
• It had a planned town built on a platform, having two distinct areas. One is identified as a citadel and the other as the lower town. 

• Exclusively devoted to craft production, including bead-making, shell-cutting, metal-working, seal-making and Weight-making, dog’s paw imprint on brick, Terracotta model of bullock cart, and Bronze toy cart.

Sabarmati river

• Important naval trade site,Port and Dockyard, Granaries, Rice husk, Double burial (male and female together).
• The Citadel was not walled off but was built at a height.
• The entire settlement was fortified, and sections within the town were also separated by walls.

• UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Unique water harvesting and system and its stormwater drainage system, Megalithic stone circle, specialised drill,  giant water reservoirs [UPSC 2021]
• Stone was used in construction.
• An ancient signboard had been found with letters engraved on it.
• Only site is divided into 3 parts (Citadel, Middle town and Lower town).
• The entire settlement was fortified, and sections within the town were also separated by walls.

• Oval grave, Pot burials.

• Bangle factory, Ploughed field surface, Camel bones, Fire altars, Bronze figure of a bull.

State – Haryana
River – Rangoi

• Centre of  Pre-Harappan, Mature and Late Harappan civilisation.
• Oval-shaped settlement, Barley grains, Lapis Lazuli (blue gem), Fire altars.
• Lack of systematic drainage and the only city with Radial streets.

• First site to be excavated after independence.
• Dog buried with human; oval pit burials.
• A copper axe was found.

State – Haryana

• Largest Indian site of the Indus Valley Civilization. 
• Shows all three phases of Harappa Culture.

• Remains of both pre-Harappan and mature Harappan culture: Yellow and grey colour pots of pre-Harappan people.

State – Uttar Pradesh
River – Hindon

• Late Harappan Culture.
• A broken copper blade and an impression of cloth on a trough.

• Bronze images (charioteer with chariot, ox, elephant and rhinoceros).

• The fortification was made of mud bricks and stone.
• ‘Wellfired red and buff wares’ pottery is found with common motifs like horned deity, pipal leaves and fish scales executed in black.

• Pre-Harappan settlement; Transitional culture between pre and post-Harappan culture; actual remains of rhinoceros.

• Ash-filled pot, copper axe, earthen bangles & pottery. 
• Originally a port later cut off from sea due to coastal upliftment; had trade links with  Babylon.