Answer:

Introduction:

The abrogation of Article 370 on August 5, 2019, was a watershed moment for Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), aiming to integrate the region more closely with India. Since then, J&K has experienced various socio-economic transformations. For instance, the Union Territory received investment proposals worth ₹81,122 crore within two years post-abrogation, a significant leap from the ₹14,000 crore in private investments since Independence. This shift underscores the broader changes in the region.

Body:

Socio-Economic Changes:

• Economic Investments and Development:
  • Investment Surge: Post-abrogation, J&K attracted ₹81,122 crore in investment proposals, with projects worth nearly ₹25,000 crore under execution. This influx aims to boost local industries and employment.
  • Infrastructure Projects: Major infrastructure projects, including highways, power plants, and health facilities, have been accelerated.
    For example: The construction of the Zojila Tunnel is set to enhance connectivity between J&K and Ladakh.
• Tourism Growth:
  • Tourist Influx:  In 2023, J&K welcomed over 2.11 crore tourists, marking the highest influx in 77 years. This surge has significantly boosted local economies and employment in the hospitality sector​.
  • New Attractions: Development of new tourist spots, such as the Tulip Garden in Srinagar, has diversified tourist attractions, contributing to year-round tourism.
• Employment and Education:
  • Job Creation Programs: The Rozgar Mela initiative created nearly 98,676 jobs, while recruitment in CAPFs saw over 2.43 lakh new personnel in the last five years, enhancing employment opportunities.
  • Educational Initiatives: Implementation of the Right to Education and other educational programmes has improved literacy rates and educational infrastructure, benefiting local youth.
• Grassroot Democracy:
  • Panchayati Raj Institutions: The establishment of Panchayati Raj Institutions, including Panches, Sarpanches, and District Development Councils, has decentralised governance, empowering local communities.
  • Local Elections: Conducting local elections has increased political participation, enhancing democratic processes at the grassroots level.
• Social Integration:
  • Legal Reforms: The application of Central laws such as the National Minorities Commission Act has ensured legal equality, benefiting marginalised groups including Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women.
  • Reservation Policies: The 10% reservation for economically weaker sections in jobs and educational institutions has promoted social equity.

Impact on Regional Stability and Integration:

• Security Situation:
  • Decline in Militancy:  Improved intelligence, robust counter-insurgency operations, and increased public cooperation have contributed to this decline. 
  • Peaceful Environment: Public life has largely returned to normal, with a notable absence of major disruptions from protests or violence in recent years.
• Political Dynamics:
  • Enhanced Local Governance: The functioning of Panchayati Raj Institutions has led to more stable and responsive governance, improving public trust in local administrations.
  • Mainstream Political Integration: Traditional political narratives have evolved, focusing more on development and governance, rather than regional autonomy, promoting a more unified political environment.
• Human Rights Concerns:
  • Marginalisation Issues: Despite advancements, there are ongoing grievances related to perceived political and economic marginalisation of vulnerable sections.
  • Civil Liberties: Reports of restrictions on civil liberties, such as internet shutdowns and curfews, have raised concerns about human rights and long-term peace.

Conclusion:

The abrogation of Article 370 has catalysed significant socio-economic changes in Jammu and Kashmir, fostering economic growth, infrastructure development, and improved governance. These changes have contributed to regional stability and better integration with the rest of India. However, addressing human rights concerns and ensuring inclusive growth, remains essential for sustained peace and development.