India launched ‘Operation Sindoor’ in response to the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack that killed 25 Indian tourists and one Nepali citizen.
About the Sindoor Operation

- The Indian Armed Forces conducted precision strikes on nine terror infrastructure sites in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK).
- The targets included key terrorist hubs in Bahawalpur, Muridke (Pakistan Punjab), Muzaffarabad, and Kotli (PoK), known bases of Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba.
- The operation showcased India’s strategic restraint and commitment to punishing those responsible for cross-border terrorism.
Pakistan’s Response
- Pakistan invoked Article 51 of the UN Charter claiming India’s action breached international norms, while India cited the same Article to justify self-defence.
About Article 51 of United Nations Charter
- Article 51 of the UN Charter affirms the “inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a UN member state.”
- Any defensive measures taken under Article 51 must be reported to the UN Security Council and are subject to its authority to maintain international peace.
- The provision recognizes the legitimacy of unilateral defensive action until the UNSC takes collective security measures.
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