Saola

7 May 2025

Saola

An international research team has mapped the genome of the saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) — the world’s rarest large land mammal, nicknamed the “Asian unicorn”.

  • The genome study, published in Cell (2025), offers critical insights for the conservation of this critically endangered species.

Key Findings of the Genome Study

Saola

  • Complete genomes of 26 individuals reconstructed: Provides a comprehensive understanding of the saola’s genetic diversity and population structure.
  • Historically split into two distinct populations (5,000–20,000 years ago):  Likely caused by habitat changes during the Last Glacial Maximum and later human-driven landscape changes (~4,000 years ago) due to agriculture and forest loss.
  • Both populations lost different sets of genetic variation: Their genetic diversity is complementary; combining individuals from both groups can restore overall genetic health.
  • Populations remain genetically viable if combined: Offers a strong scientific basis for designing future captive breeding and reintroduction programmes to boost survival prospects.

About Saola

  • Scientific Name: Pseudoryx nghetinhensis
  • Discovery: First described in 1993.
  • Habitat: Misty highland forests of Annamite mountains (Vietnam-Laos border).
  • Conservation Status: Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List).
  • Estimated Population (2015): ~50–300 individuals
  • Observations:
    • Never seen alive by scientists in the wild.
    • Only 5 camera-trap observations + physical remains (skulls, skins)
  • Conservation Significance
    • Threats: Saola faces extinction threats due to: Indiscriminate snaring (bycatch from hunting traps); Habitat loss and disturbance (agriculture, deforestation).
    • Captive Breeding Plan: Establish captive breeding center in Vietnam.
      • Aim to capture 12+ individuals (from both populations) for breeding and reintroduction in protected, poaching-free zones.
Additional Reading: Genome Mapping

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Quick Revise Now !
UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
Integration of PYQ within the booklet
Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध

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