Option (b) is correct.

Explanation: 

• Indian pharmaceutical firms have initiated the production of medications for 4 rare diseases, significantly reducing costs of drugs. 
• Statement 1 is not correct: World Health Organisation (WHO) defines rare disease as often debilitating lifelong disease or disorder with a prevalence of 1 or less, per 1000 population. 
• Statement 2 is correct: The most common rare diseases include Haemophilia, Thalassemia, Sickle-cell Anaemia and Primary Immuno Deficiency in children, auto-immune diseases, Hirschsprung disease, and certain forms of muscular dystrophies.
• Statement 3 is correct: Ministry of Health and family Welfare, Government of India formulated a National Policy for Treatment of Rare Diseases (NPTRD) in July, 2017. The policy aims at lowering the incidence and prevalence of rare diseases based on an integrated and comprehensive preventive strategy.

Option (a) is correct.

Explanation: 

• Lachit Borphukan led his troops to victory in the Battle of Saraighat in 1671 and died a year after from an illness. 
• Battle of Saraighat: It was fought between the Ahom King Swargadeo Chakradhwaja Singha and Raja Ram Singh I of Jaipur sent by Aurangzeb.
• Statement 1 is correct: Lachit was a military commander who was chosen as one of the five councillors of the Ahom kingdom by king Chakradhwaja Singha, and given administrative, judicial, and military responsibilities.
• Statement 2 is not correct: Borphukan preferred guerrilla tactics which provided an edge to the smaller, but fast moving and capable forces. Much like Shivaji’s encounters with the Mughals in Marathwada, Lachit inflicted damage on the large Mughal camps and static positions.

Option (c) is correct.

Explanation: 

• According to Ukraine, Russian forces are attacking the eastern Ukrainian town of Avdiivka.
• Pair 1 is not correctly matched: Avdiivka is a city in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. A third wave of Russian forces is attacking the town of Avdiivka and systematically shelling the centre of the industrial hub. 
• Pair 2 is correctly matched: Tel Aviv is a major city and economic centre in Israel, situated on the Mediterranean coast. According to the Israel Defense Forces, an estimated 2,200 rockets were fired toward southern and central Israel, including Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, by the Hamas militants followed by the Israel-Gaza conflict.
• Pair 3 is correctly matched: Shusha is a city in the Nagorno-Karabakh region. According to Azerbaijani, Armenian forces fired at Shusha which is currently under Azerbaijan’s control.

Option (c) is correct.

Explanation: 

• Recently, India and the European Union have signed a Memorandum of Understanding on semiconductors that will help in building a robust supply chain and support innovation.

About Semiconductors: 

• A semiconductor possesses conductivity characteristics that fall between those of a conductor, capable of carrying electrical current, and a non-conductor or insulator, which prohibits the flow of electrical charges.
• Applications of Semiconductor: 
  • Statement 1 is correct: Semiconductor components such as integrated chips, diodes and transistors are widely used in mobile phones, laptops, games consoles, microwaves and refrigerators etc. 
  • Statement 2 is correct: Some semiconductors have high thermal conductivity, so can be used as a cooling agent in certain thermoelectric applications. Some semiconductors can produce light and are used in LEDs and OLEDs.
  • Statement 3 is correct: Silicon is also the most commonly used semiconductor in the production of solar panel cells.

Option (d) is correct.

Explanation: 

According to the Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, a bulk cargo transhipment hub can be developed in Atlanta Bay near Diglipur in the Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) Islands. 

About Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) Islands:

• Andaman Islands: The Andamans extend north-south and include more than 300 islands. The major islands are North Andaman, Middle Andaman, and  Lower(South) Andaman with Little Andaman, to the south.
• Nicobar Islands: The Nicobar group includes the islands of Car Nicobar (north), Camorta (Kamorta) and Nancowry (central group), and Great Nicobar (south).