Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• Primatologists have suggested rerouting a 1.65-km-long railway track that has divided an eastern Assam sanctuary dedicated to the western hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) into two unequal parts. 

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• India is gearing up to host the G20 Heads of State and Government Summit on September 9 and 10.
• Statement 1 is Correct: The G20 group of 19 countries and the EU was established in 1999 as a platform for Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to discuss international economic and financial issues. 
• Together, the G20 countries account for almost two-thirds of the global population, 75% of global trade, and 85% of the world’s GDP. 
• The G20 has two main tracks of engagement: the Finance Track for finance ministers and central bank governors and the Sherpa Track. 
• The G20’s proceedings are led by the Sherpas, who are appointed as personal envoys of the leaders of member nations.
• The G20 Summit is held annually with a rotating presidency, and in 2023, India holds the presidency. 
• Statement 2 is Correct: The group does not have a permanent secretariat and is supported by the previous, current, and future holders of the presidency, known as the troika.
  • In 2023, the troika consists of Indonesia, Brazil, and India.

Option (a) is correct

Explanation:

• The Delhi High Court asked the Union government to respond to a plea by a think tank NGO, the Centre for Policy Research (CPR), challenging the suspension of its Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) license over alleged violation of laws. 
• The FCRA requires every person or NGO wishing to receive foreign donations to be registered under the Act.
• The FCRA was first enacted to regulate foreign donations  during the Emergency in 1976.
• There were apprehensions that foreign powers were interfering in India’s affairs by pumping money into the country through independent organizations.
• Statement 1 is not  Correct: FCRA registration is valid for five years for NGOs.
• The government reserves the right to cancel the FCRA registration of any NGO if it finds it to be in violation of the Act.
• Statement 2 is Correct: Once the registration of an NGO is cancelled, it is not eligible for re-registration for three years.

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• Recently, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has notified a new framework prohibiting listed entities, with more than 200 non-qualified institutional buyer holders of non-convertible debt securities, from delisting voluntarily.
• Statement 1 is Correct: Non-Convertible Debentures are fixed-income instruments for specific terms and interest rates.
• Big companies issue them to raise funds without giving any option of conversion to equity.
• The interest rates offered on NCD debentures are more or less fixed. On maturity, the investor will get back the principal amount along with interest. 
• Statement 2 is Correct: Since NCDs are not backed by collateral, but just the creditworthiness of the issuer, ratings given by credit rating agencies become important. 
• Such ratings help investors to understand the history of the issuer’s creditworthiness and what it may look like in the future.

Option (b) is correct

Explanation:

• According to the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) latest annual report, it received a total of 1,15,203 corruption complaints against all category employees of the central government in 2022. 
• Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is the apex agency overseeing and supervising the vigilance administration of the organisations owned or controlled by the Union government and covered under the advisory jurisdiction of the Commission.
• Statement 1 is Correct: CVC was set up on the recommendations of the Committee on Prevention of Corruption formed under the Chairmanship of Shri K. Santhanam in 1964. 
• Statement 2 is Correct: It was given statutory status through CVC Act 2003.
• It is meant to tackle corruption and make the administrative system transparent and objective.
• It has prescribed a time-limit of three months for chief vigilance officers, who act as a distant arm of the probity watchdog, to examine complaints.
• CVC has Jurisdiction over
  • Central Govt. Ministries/Departments 
  • Central Govt. Public Sector Undertakings 
  • Nationalised Banks, Insurance Companies 
  • Autonomous organisations like Port Trusts etc. 
  • Centrally administered territories including Delhi, Chandigarh, Daman and Diu, Puducherry etc. 
• Statement 3 is not Correct: However, The Commission has no jurisdiction over State Governments, State Govt. employees and private individuals.