Ans: A

Exp:

Recently, a 10 year old girl was found ill with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Andhra Pradesh.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD):

• • Statement 1 is correct: IBD refers to chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, varying in severity and potentially leading to life-threatening complications.  

• Types of IBD:

• • • Statement 2 is incorrect: Ulcerative Colitis: Involves inflammation and ulcers along the lining of the large intestine and rectum.
    • Crohn’s Disease: Characterized by inflammation of the digestive tract lining, affecting deeper layers.
    • Primarily impacts the small intestine but can also affect the large intestine and upper gastrointestinal tract.
    • Indeterminate Colitis IBD: Represents IBD with features of both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

• Causes of IBD:

• • • The exact cause is unknown, but it is associated with a weakened immune system.
    • Possible causes include incorrect immune responses to environmental triggers (viruses, bacteria) and a genetic predisposition, especially with a family history of IBD.

• Treatment Options:

• • While there is no curative treatment for IBD, management strategies aim to:
  • Reduce inflammation, Address symptoms.
  • Treatment modalities include medications, surgery, and lifestyle changes.

Ans: B

Exp:

Tobacco causes a wide range of diseases and affects those consuming it as well as those cultivating it. After China, India has the world’s highest number of tobacco consumers — nearly 26 crore, according to an estimate in 2016-2017.

About  WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC):

• Statement 1 is correct: The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) is the first ever international public health treaty focusing on the global public health issue of tobacco control.
  • It was adopted by the World Health Assembly on 21 May 2003 and entered into force on 27 February 2005. 
  • It is designed to address the global health risks associated with tobacco use and to provide a comprehensive framework for governments and organizations to implement effective tobacco control policies and strategies.
• Statement 2 is correct: The FCTC operates as a legally binding treaty that means that countries that have ratified it are obligated to implement the measures outlined in the convention within their national jurisdictions.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: India ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in 2004.

Ans: A

Exp: 

Recently, a Himalayan serow (“Vulnerable” in the IUCN red list) was spotted in the central part of Nameri National Park and Tiger Reserve.

Nameri National Park: 

• Pair 1 is incorrect: Nameri National Park is in the foothills of the eastern Himalayas in the Sonitpur District of Assam.
• Nameri shares its northern boundary with the Pakhui Wildlife Sanctuary of Arunachal Pradesh.
• In 1998, Nameri Wildlife Sanctuary was declared a national park
• The park became a part of the Project Tiger initiative in 1999-2000

Mukurthi National Park:

• • Pair 2 is incorrect: Situated in the western part of Nilgiris Plateau within Tamil Nadu.
  • Forms a part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, flanked by Mudumalai National Park and Silent Valley National Park.

• History and Establishment:

• • Declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1982 and upgraded to a National Park in 1990.
    • Originally known as Nilgiri Tahr National Park, it focuses on preserving the Nilgiri Tahr, a critical species in the region.

Mrugavani National Park:

• Pair 3 is correct: Located in the Hyderabad of Telangana, India.
• It was established in 1994 with the aim of preserving the natural habitat of the endangered species found in the Deccan Plateau region of Telangana, India. 
• The park was created under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.

Ans: D

Exp:

Indian Prime Minister is on visit to the Vivekananda Rock Memorial in Kanyakumari.

About Swami Vivekananda:

• Swami Vivekananda, born Narendranath Datta on January 12, 1863, was a spiritual luminary, philosopher, and social reformer who made profound contributions to India’s cultural and spiritual landscape.
• He established the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897.
• In 1893, he adopted the name “Vivekananda” upon the request of maharaja Ajit singh of the Khetri state. 
• His birth anniversary is observed as national youth day in India, commemorating his influence on young minds.
• Subhashchandra Bose addressed Swami Vivekanand as the Spiritual father of Indian Nationalism.

Ans: D

Exp:

In a verdict that would have major implications for organ transplantation, the Madras High Court held that the consent given by a donor, even if he/she is not related to the recipient, must be accepted by the authorisation committee at its face value unless there is evidence to prove money or money’s worth having changed hands.

About Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994:

• It provides various regulations for the removal of human organs and their storage. 
• It also regulates the transplantation of human organs for therapeutic purposes and for the prevention of commercial dealings in human organs.
• Statement 1 is incorrect: The Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act of 1994 does not rule out donation by non near relatives.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: The 1994 Act does not prohibit covering the health expenses of an altruistic donor. 
  • The recipient should bear the post-operative care costs of the donor, and this is not barred by the Act.

Altruistic Donation

• Altruism is acting out of concern for another’s well-being. People behave altruistically when they see others in desperate circumstances and feel empathy and a desire to help.