Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct : The Coriolis effect describes the pattern of deflection taken by objects not firmly connected to the ground as they travel long distances around Earth. The Coriolis Effect is responsible for many large-scale weather patterns.  It is responsible for the monsoon in India. The Southeasterly winds get deflected as South westerly as they cross the Equator. South westerly winds are the major source of rainfall in India. 

Statement 2 is incorrect : It deflects the wind to the right direction in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. The Coriolis force is directly proportional to the angle of latitude. It is maximum at the poles and is absent at the equator.  The latitude angle is 0 degrees for the equator and 90 degrees for the poles. Thus, the Coriolis effect increases as we move from the equator to the poles.

Statement 3 is correct : The Earth rotates fairly slowly, compared to other known planets. The slow rotation of the Earth means the Coriolis Effect is not strong enough to be seen at slow speeds over short distances. Jupiter, on the other hand, has the fastest rotation in the solar system. On Jupiter, the Coriolis Effect transforms north-south winds into east-west winds, some of which travel at a speed of more than 610 kilometres (380 miles) per hour.

Source: https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/kegy210.pdf:; https://education.nationalgeographic.org

Ans: D

Exp:

During the day, the land heats up faster and becomes warmer than the sea. Therefore, over the land, the air rises giving rise to a low-pressure area, whereas the sea is relatively cool and the pressure over the sea is relatively high. Thus, a pressure gradient from sea to land is created and the wind blows from the sea to the land as the sea breeze. In the night the reversal of condition takes place. The land loses heat faster and is cooler than the sea. The pressure gradient is from the land to the sea, resulting in land breeze.

Source: https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/kegy210.pdf

Ans: A

Exp: 

Tropical cyclones are violent storms that originate over oceans in tropical areas and move over to coastal areas, bringing about large scale destruction caused by violent winds, very heavy rainfall, and storm surges.

Tropical cyclones originate and intensify over warm tropical oceans. The conditions favourable for the formation and intensification of tropical storms are:  

• Large sea surface with a temperature higher than 27° C 
• Presence of the Coriolis force
• Small variations in the vertical wind speed  
• A pre-existing weak low-pressure area or low-level-cyclonic circulation  
• Upper divergence above the sea level system

Source: https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/kegy210.pdf

Ans: C

Exp:

When two different air masses meet, the boundary zone between them is called a front. The process of formation of the fronts is known as frontogenesis. There are four types of fronts: Cold,  Warm, Stationary and Occluded. 

• When the front remains stationary, it is called a stationary front. 
• When the cold air moves towards the warm air mass, its contact zone is called the cold front. Hence, Pair 1 is correctly matched.
• when warm air mass moves towards the cold air mass, the contact zone is a warm front. Hence, Pair 2 is correctly matched.
• When an air mass is fully lifted above the land surface, it is called the occluded front. Hence, Pair 3 is correctly matched.

The fronts occur in middle latitudes and are characterised by steep gradients in temperature and pressure. They bring abrupt changes in temperature and cause the air to rise to form clouds and cause precipitation.

Source: https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/kegy210.pdf

Ans: A 

Exp:

The predominant vegetation of the Laurentian type of climate is cool temperate forest. The heavy rainfall, the warm summers and the damp air from fogs, all favour the growth of trees. Generally speaking, the forest tend to be coniferous north of the 50°N. parallel of latitude. The increase in the length and severity of the Winter excludes forests that are not adaptable to cold conditions. In the Asiatic region (eastern Siberia and Korea), the coniferous forests are, in fact, a continuation of the great coniferous belt of the taiga. Lumbering has always been a major occupation of this sparsely populated part of eastern Asia and timber is a leading export item. Much of the original coniferous forests of fir, spruce and larch have been cleared as a result of lumbering rather than agriculture. 

South of latitude 50°N., the coniferous forests give way to deciduous forests. Oak, beech, maple and birch are the principal trees. Like their counterparts on the western margins, the deciduous forests are fairly open. A long growing season of over six months and an adequate supply of moisture from maritime sources encourage rapid growth of ferns and other temperate undergrowth. The occurrence of trees in almost pure stands, and the predominance of only a handful of species greatly enhance the commercial value of these forests. As a result, they have been extensively felled for the extraction of temperate hardwood.