Ans: C

Exp:

As an answer to Lord Birkenhead’s challenge, an All Parties Conference met in February 1928 and appointed a subcommittee under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru to draft a constitution. This was the first major attempt by the Indians to draft a constitutional framework for the country. The committee included Tej Bahadur Sapru, Subhas Chandra Bose, M.S. Aney, Mangal Singh, Ali Imam, Shuaib Qureshi, and G.R. Pradhan as its members. The report was finalised by August 1928.

Ans: C

Exp:

As an answer to Lord Birkenhead’s challenge, an All Parties Conference met in February 1928 and appointed a subcommittee under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru to draft a constitution. This was the first major attempt by the Indians to draft a constitutional framework for the country.  The main recommendation includes :

• • Dominion status on lines of self-governing dominions as the form of government desired by Indians 

• Rejection of separate electorates instead, a demand for joint electorates with reservation of seats for Muslims at the centre and in provinces where they were in minority Linguistic provinces  Hence,statement 1 is correct 

• • Nineteen fundamental rights include equal rights for women, right to form unions, and universal adult suffrage. 
  • Responsible government at the centre and in provinces

• Full protection of the cultural and religious interests of Muslims. Hence,statement 2 is correct.

• Complete dissociation of the state from religion.

Ans: A

Exp

Statement 1 is incorrect: The salary and allowances of the Chief Minister are determined by the State Legislature. In addition to the salary and allowances, which are payable to a member of the state legislature, the Chief Minister also gets a sumptuary allowance, free accommodation, travel allowance, medical facilities, etc. 

Statement 2 is correct: The term of the Chief Minister is not fixed, and he holds office at the pleasure of the governor. However, this does not mean that the governor can dismiss him at any time. He cannot be dismissed by the governor as long as he enjoys majority support in the legislative assembly. But if he loses the confidence of the assembly, he must resign, or the governor can dismiss him. 

Statement 3 is correct: According to the Constitution, the Chief Minister may be a member of any of the two houses of a state legislature. Usually, Chief Ministers have been selected from the Lower House (legislative assembly), but, on a number of occasions, a member of the Upper House (legislative council) has also been appointed as Chief Minister.

Ans: D

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: The Constitution does not contain any specific procedure for the selection and appointment of the Chief Minister. Article 164 only says that the Chief Minister shall be appointed by the governor. However, this does not imply that the governor is free to appoint anyone as the Chief Minister. In accordance with the conventions of the parliamentary system of government, the governor has to appoint the leader of the majority party in the state legislative assembly as the Chief Minister.

Statement 2 is correct: The Constitution does not require that a person prove his majority in the legislative assembly before he is appointed as the Chief Minister. The governor may first appoint him as the Chief Minister and then ask him to prove his majority in the legislative assembly within a reasonable period. This is what has been done in a number of cases.

Ans: B

Exp:

The first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, played a crucial role in setting the national agenda. He was his own foreign minister. Thus, both as the Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister, he exercised profound influence in the formulation and implementation of India’s foreign policy from 1946 to 1964. The three major objectives of Nehru’s foreign policy were to preserve hard-earned sovereignty, protect territorial integrity, and promote rapid economic development. Nehru wished to achieve these objectives through the strategy of nonalignment.

Nehru was one of the founding fathers of the Non-Aligned Movement, which aimed at maintaining India’s independence and sovereignty in the midst of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. NAM sought to avoid aligning with any major power bloc and promoted the idea of peaceful coexistence and cooperation among nations.