Ans: B

Exp:

During the First World War, the Yugantar Party arranged to import German arms and ammunition through sympathisers and revolutionaries abroad. Bagha Jatin asked Rashbehari Bose to take charge of Upper India, aiming to bring about an all-India insurrection in what has come to be called the ‘German Plot’ or the ‘Zimmerman Plan’. The Jugantar (or Yugantar) party raised funds through a series of dacoities, which came to be known as taxicab dacoities and boat dacoities, so as to work out the Indo-German conspiracy. The Berlin Committee for Indian Independence was established in 1915 by Virendranath Chattopadhyay with the help of the German foreign office under the ‘Zimmerman Plan’.

Reference: Spectrum, First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907–1917), Chapter 13

Ans: D

Exp:

Statements 1 and 2 are incorrect: The first phase of revolutionary activity emerged as the most substantial legacy of Swadeshi Bengal, which had an impact on educated youth for a generation or more. But an overemphasis on the Hindu religion kept the Muslims aloof.  Moreover, it encouraged quixotic heroism. No involvement of the masses was envisaged, which, coupled with the narrow upper caste social base of the movement in Bengal, severely limited the scope of the revolutionary activity. In the end, it failed to withstand the weight of State repression.

Reference: Spectrum, First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907–1917), Chapter 13

Ans: D

Exp:

Pair 1 is correct: In maharashtra During the 1890s, Lokmanya Tilak propagated a spirit of militant nationalism, including the use of violence, through Ganapati and Shivaji festivals and his journals Kesari and Maharatta.

Pair 2 is correct: In punjab Lala Lajpat Rai, who brought out Punjabee (with its motto of self-help at any cost), and Ajit Singh (Bhagat Singh’s uncle), who organised the extremist Anjuman-i-Mohisban-i-Watan in Lahore with its journal, Bharat Mata.

Pair 3 is correct: Shyamji Krishnavarma had started in London in 1905 an Indian Home Rule Society—”India House”—as a centre for Indian students, a scholarship scheme to bring radical youth from India, and a journal called The Indian Sociologist.

Pair 4 is correct: New centres emerged on the continent—Paris and Geneva—from where Madam Bhikaji Cama, a Parsi revolutionary who had developed contacts with French socialists and brought out Bande Mataram to spread the Ideas of nationalism abroad.

Reference: Spectrum, First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907–1917), Chapter 13

Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Ghadr Party was a revolutionary group organised around a weekly newspaper, The Ghadr, with its headquarters in San Francisco (not in Punjab) and branches along the US coast and in the Far East.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The revolutionaries in the Ghadar movement included mainly ex-soldiers and peasants who had migrated from the Punjab to the USA and Canada in search of better employment opportunities. They were based in US and Canadian cities along the western (Pacific) coast.

Statement 3 is correct: The moving spirits behind the Ghadr Party were Lala Hardayal, Ramchandra, Bhagwan Singh, Kartar Singh Saraba, Barkatullah, and Bhai Parmanand.

Reference: Spectrum, First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907–1917), Chapter 13

Ans: D

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and his brother founded Mitra Mela (meaning “Group of Friends”). It was a secret society formed in Pune, Maharashtra, in 1899, with the aim of promoting nationalist ideals and working towards India’s independence from British colonial rule. Mitra Mela encouraged its members to engage in physical fitness activities, martial arts, and nationalist propaganda. later merged with Abhinav Bharat.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Anushilan Samiti was a revolutionary organisation in India during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was founded in 1902 by a group of nationalist leaders in Kolkata led by Promotha Mitter,others include Jatindranath Banerjee, Barindra Kumar Ghosh, and others.

Reference: Spectrum, First Phase of Revolutionary Activities (1907–1917), Chapter 13