Ans: C

Exp:

In 1983, the Central Government appointed a three-member Commission on Centre-state Relations to review the workings of the existing arrangements between the Union and the States in the changed socio-economic scenario.

Sarkaria Commission Recommendations on Governor

• The Governor Should be a respected individual and an outsider to the state.
• He may or may not have been actively involved in politics prior to his appointment.
• After leaving office, the person designated as Governor should not be eligible for any further appointments or prestigious positions in the Union or a State Government, with the exception of a second term as Governor or election as Vice-President or President of India.
• At the end of the Governor’s tenure, reasonable benefits after retirement should be offered.
• Governors should be impartial and not overly involved in the State’s regional politics.
• He must be chosen after consulting with the Lok Sabha Speaker, the Vice-President of India, and the State’s Chief Minister.

Ans: C

Exp: 

Democracy is a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.  Democracy is a better form of government when compared with dictatorship or any other alternative. The democracy is better because it:  

• Promotes equality among citizens. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
• Enhances the dignity of the individual. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• Improves the quality of decision-making. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
• Provides a method to resolve conflicts. Hence, Statement 4 is correct.
• Allows room to correct mistakes. Hence, Statement 5 is correct.

Ans: B

Exp:

Our Constitution ensures that persons accused of various offences would also get sufficient protection. We often tend to believe that anyone who is charged with some offence is guilty. However, no one is guilty unless the court has found that person guilty of an offence. It is also necessary that a person accused of any crime should get adequate opportunity to defend herself or himself. To ensure a fair trial in courts, the Constitution has provided three rights:

• no person would be punished for the same offence more than once. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• No criminal law shall declare any action as illegal from a backdate.  Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• no person shall be asked to give evidence against himself or herself.  Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect.

Ans: C

Exp:

Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided and shared between a central governing authority and individual constituent political units, such as states or provinces. These constituent units retain a degree of sovereignty and autonomy while also participating in a unified national or federal government.

Some features of Federalism:

• • Two sets of polities—one at the regional level and the other at the national level. Each government is autonomous in its own sphere.
  • The people, likewise, have two sets of identities and loyalties—they belong to the region as well as the nation
  • The details of this dual system of government are generally spelt out in a written constitution, which is considered to be supreme and which is also the source of the power of both sets of government

• To prevent conflicts between the centre and the State, there is an independent judiciary to settle disputes.

Ans: C

Exp:

Our Constitution contains a very impressive list of Fundamental Rights. But merely writing down a list of rights is not enough. There has to be a way through which they can be realised in practice and defended against any attack on these rights. Right to constitutional remedies is the means through which this is to be achieved. The courts can issue various special orders known as writs. 

• Habeas corpus: A writ of habeas corpus means that the court orders that the arrested person should be presented before it. It can also order to set free an arrested person if the manner or grounds of arrest are not lawful or satisfactory.
• Mandamus: This writ is issued when the court finds that a particular office holder is not doing legal duty and thereby is infringing on the right of an individual. Hence, Statement 1 is correct
•  Prohibition: This writ is issued by a higher court (High Court or Supreme Court) when a lower court has considered a case going beyond its jurisdiction. 
• Quo Warranto: If the court finds that a person is holding office but is not entitled to hold that office, it issues the writ of quo warranto and restricts that person from acting as an office holder. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect
• Certiorari: Under this writ, the court orders a lower court or another authority to transfer a matter pending before it to the higher authority or court. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect