Tamil Nadu |
- Salt marches led by C. Rajagopalachari on the Tanjore coast (from Tiruchirapalli to Vedaranniyam). [UPSC 2015]
- The march was followed by extensive picketing of foreign cloth shops and a growing anti-liquor campaign in regions like Coimbatore, Madura, and Virdhanagar.
- A police force was employed to break the Choolai Mills strike.
- Unemployed weavers attacked liquor shops and police pickets in Gudiyattam, while rioting occurred among peasants facing economic hardships in Bodinayakanur.
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Malabar |
- Salt marches organized by K. Kelappan; P. Krishna Pillai defended the national flag against police actions. Kelappan is also famous for Vaikom Satyagraha.
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Andhra Region |
- District salt marches were organized in east and west Godavari, Krishna, and Guntur district.
- Establishment of Sibirams i.e military-style camps, defiance by merchants and dominant castes.
- Mass support like that in the non-cooperation movement was missing.
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Orissa |
- Effective salt satyagraha organized by Gopalbandhu Chaudhari in coastal regions of Balasore, Cuttack, and Puri districts.
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Assam |
- Failed to reach previous heights due to conflicts between communities.
- Cunningham Circular: Successful student strike against the Cunningham Circular, which banned students’ participation in politics.
- Chandraprabha Saikiani, in December 1930, incited the aboriginal Kachari villages to break forest laws, which was, however, denied by the Assam Congress leadership.
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Bengal |
- Split in Bengal Congress: The Bengal Congress split between factions led by Subhas Chandra Bose and J.M. Sengupta, engaged in the Calcutta Corporation election, causing a disconnect between Calcutta’s Bhadralok leaders and rural masses.
- Communal Riots: Occurred in Dacca and Kishoreganj, with limited Muslim participation.
- Despite this, Bengal saw the highest number of arrests and significant violence, particularly in Midnapur, Arambagh, and rural areas, where movements centered around salt satyagraha and chaukidari tax emerged.
- Concurrently, Surya Sen’s Chittagong revolt group conducted a raid on two armouries.
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Bihar |
- Champaran and Saran were the first two districts to start salt satyagraha. In Patna, Nakhas Pond was chosen as a site to make salt and break the salt law under Ambika Kant Sinha.
- Salt satyagraha followed by a powerful No-chaukidari tax agitation.
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Chhotanagpur |
- Bonga Majhi and Somra Majhi, influenced by Gandhism, led a movement in Hazaribagh, which combined socio-religious reform along ‘sanskritising’ lines.
- Instances of lower-class militancy and socio-religious reforms; Santhals engaged in illegal liquor distillation.
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Peshawar |
- Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, known as Badshah Khan or Frontier Gandhi, undertook educational and social reform work among the Pathans.
- Gaffar Khan published the first Pushto political monthly, Pukhtoon.
- He organized the volunteer brigade ‘Khudai Khidmatgars,’ popularly known as the ‘Red-Shirts.‘
- The ‘Red-Shirts’ were pledged to the freedom struggle and committed to non-violence.
- It was here that a section of Garhwal Rifles soldiers refused to fire on an unarmed crowd.
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Sholapur |
- Fierce response to Gandhi’s arrest, the establishment of a parallel government led to martial law.
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Dharasana |
- Sarojini Naidu, Imam Sahib, and Manilal Gandhi led a raid met with brutal police lathi-charge, sparking nationwide emulation.
- Web Miller, an American journalist, reported on Dharasana Salt Satyagraha.
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Gujarat |
- The impact of the movement was evident in areas like Anand, Borsad, and Nadiad in Kheda district, Bardoli in Surat district, and Jambusar in Bharuch district.
- A resolute no-tax movement unfolded, featuring a refusal to pay land revenue
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Maharashtra, Karnataka, Central Provinces |
- These areas saw defiance of forest laws such as grazing and timber restrictions and public sale of illegally acquired forest produce.
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United Provinces |
- A no-revenue campaign was organized, urging zamindars to withhold payment of revenue to the government.
- Simultaneously, a no-rent campaign targeted tenants against zamindars, transforming into a de facto no-rent movement as most zamindars were loyalists.
- The momentum increased notably in October 1930, particularly in Agra and Rai Bareilly.
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Manipur and Nagaland |
- Rani Gaidinliu, a 13-year-old Naga spiritual leader, raised revolt. She was sentenced to life imprisonment and was released in 1946 by the then interim government.
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