Fusion of Classical and Folk Music: Sugam Sangeet

Introduction

The fusion of classical and folk music in India is a captivating synergy of two distinct musical traditions. It combines the complexity and sophistication of classical melodies with the raw energy and authenticity of folk rhythms and narratives.

Emergence of New Forms

• Over time, both the classical and folk elements intermingled together, giving rise to new forms.

Sugam Sangeet

•  It is the genre that brings classical and folk elements together. 
• It includes:
  • Bhajan
  • Shabad
  • Qawwali
• Bhajan: Most popular type of devotional singing prevalent in North India, owing its origin to the Bhakti movement. 
  • The stories from the life of the god and goddess or from the Mahabharata and the Ramayana are popular subjects for bhajans. 
  • The major expounders of the bhajans in the medieval period were Mirabai, Tulsidas, Surdas, Kabir, etc.
• Shabad: Guru Nanak and his disciple Mardana were responsible for the development and popularity of Shabd.
• Qawwali: These are devotional songs in praise of Allah or the Prophet Muhammad or any other Sufi or Islamic Saint. 
  • They are composed of a single raga and are generally written in Urdu, Punjabi or Hindi. 
  • They are usually performed in Sufi shrines.
• Other types of Sugam Sangeet: 
  • Abhanga (Maharashtra): Sung in praise of Lord Vithoba.
  • Kirtana (West Bengal): Gita Govinda inspired the singing and dancing of kirtans.
  • Bhatiali (West Bengal): Sung by boat drivers, about nature.
  • Tevaram (Tamil Nadu): Sung by Shaivite Communities like Oduyars.

Rabindra Sangeet

• It is a mixture of classical elements and Bengali folk strains that recreates the music produced by Rabindranath Tagore. 
• Its prominent elements include the spirit of patriotism.

Haveli Sangeet

• It developed in Rajasthan and Gujarat. Currently practised by Pushtimarg Sampradaya or the community that believes in Pushtimarg as the way to salvation.

Gana Sangeet

• A type of fusion music that is sung in groups or chorus. 
• Themes include patriotism and protests against malpractices in society. 
• Vande Mataram is a Gana Sangeet.

Conclusion:

• Through the fusion of classical and folk music, artists explore new sonic landscapes, bridging cultural divides and celebrating India’s rich musical heritage. 
  • This dynamic fusion not only creates captivating compositions but also fosters a deeper appreciation for the diversity and creativity of Indian music.