Animal Kingdom Classification: Echinodermata and Chordata

May 28, 2024 484 0

Animal phyla delves into Echinodermata and Chordata. Echinoderms, exemplified by starfish, possess a unique water vascular system for locomotion and resource acquisition. Chordates, a distinct phylum, are defined by the presence of a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, and pharyngeal gill slits – characteristics laying the groundwork for vertebrate evolution.

 

Phylum- Echinodermata

About: These animals have an endoskeleton of calcareous ossicles and, hence, the name Echinodermata.

  • Features: All are marine with an organ-system level of organisation.
    • The most distinctive feature of echinoderms is the presence of a water vascular system which helps in locomotion, capture and transport of food and respiration.
    • An excretory system is absent.
  • Example: Asterias (Starfish), Echinus (Sea urchin), Cucumaria (Sea cucumber).

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Phylum- Chordata

About: Animals belonging to the phylum Chordata are fundamentally characterised by the presence of a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord and paired pharyngeal gill slits.

  • Classification: Phylum Chordata is divided into three subphyla: 
    • Urochordata or Tunicata 
    • Cephalo-chordata.
    • Vertebrata.

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Comparison of Chordates and Non-chordates

Chordates Non-chordates
  • Notochord present
  • Notochord absent.
  • The central nervous system is dorsal. hollow and
  • single.
  • The central nervous system is ventral. solid and
  • double.
  • Pharynx perforated by gill sits.
  • Gill slits are absent.
  • The heart is ventral.
  • The heart is dorsal (if present).
  • A post-anal (tail) is present
  • Post-anal tail is absent.

 

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Conclusion

Examining Echinodermata and Chordata reveals a spectrum of animal complexity. Echinoderms exhibit a specialized water vascular system, while chordates share defining features that pave the way for the development of vertebrates, the most intricate animal phylum.

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UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
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Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
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