Classification of Cells: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic and Plant vs. Animal Cells

• Typically 0.2-2.0 μm in diameter

• Typically 10-100 μm in diameter

• Bacteria and Archaea

• Animals and Plants

• Absent

• Present

organelles

• Absent

• Present: Examples include lysosomes,
• Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum,
• mitochondria and chloroplasts.

• Consist of two protein building blocks

• Complex: consist of multiple
• microtubules

• Usually present: chemically complex

• Only in plant cells and fungi
• (chemically simpler)

with steroid

• Usually no

• Yes

• No cytoskeleton or cytoplasmic
• streaming

• Cytoskeleton: cytoplasmic streaming

• Smaller

• Larger

• Binary Fission

• Mitosis

chromosomes

• One, but not true, chromosome

• More than one

• No meiosis: transfer of DNA fragments
• only (conjugation)

• Involves meiosis

• Usually, they are larger than animal cells

• Usually, smaller than plant cells

• Cell wall present in addition to plasma
• membrane and consists of middle lamella,
• primary and secondary walls

• Cell wall absent

• Plasmodesmata present

• Plasmodesmata absent

• Chloroplast present

• Chloroplast absent

• Vacuole large and permanent

• Vacuole small and temporary

• Tonoplast present around vacuole

• Tonoplast absent

• Centrioles absent except motile cells of lower
• plants

• Centrioles present

• Nucleus present along the periphery of the cell

• Nucleus at the centre of the cell

• Lysosomes are rare

• Lysosomes present

• Storage material starch grains

• Storage material a glycogen granule