Magadha Empire Social Political Structures

April 25, 2024 774 0

The society under the Magadha Empire was structured hierarchically, with varna-based divisions and a complex social order. This period witnessed significant cultural and religious developments, shaping the norms and values of ancient Indian society.

Social Hierarchy in the Magadha Empire

  • Varnas: The society was divided into four varnas: Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras
    • Shudras were excluded from high positions and were often designated as slaves, artisans, and agricultural labourers.
  • A new social category, untouchables, emerged during this period. 
Untouchables were placed below the Shudras in the social hierarchy.

  • They were forced to live on the fringes of the settlements, subsisting on hunting and gathering. 
  • They were marginalised and given only menial jobs.
  • They had their own language, which was different from that spoken by the Indo-Aryans.

Family Structure and Kinship in Magadha Empire

  • Kinship ties were considered important and were incorporated into the caste hierarchy.
  • Kula denoted extended patrilineal family, while Natakas included both mother’s and father’s relatives.
  • Extended kin groups were referred to as Nati and Nati-Kulani.

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Status of Women in Magadha Empire

The society was patriarchal, and women were accorded inferior status. 

  • The endogamous caste system led to increased subjugation of women.
  • Preference for sons over daughters continued as bearing sons was considered necessary for the continuation of lineage and the performance of the funerary rites.

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Conclusion

  • The societal structure of the Magadha Empire reflected the complexities of ancient Indian civilization, characterized by varna-based hierarchies, social roles, and cultural practices. 
    • Despite its stratified nature, this period also saw dynamic cultural exchanges and religious diversity, enriching the fabric of Indian society.
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UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
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Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
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