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National Commission For Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, And Backward Classes

March 22, 2024 116 0

Body	Scheduled Castes	Scheduled Tribes	Backward Classes
Article	Originally: Art.338 provided for Special officers for Scheduled Castes (SC) & Scheduled Tribe. 1978: Non-statutory multi-member commission for SCs and STs (through resolution). 1987: Commission renamed as National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)s & National Commission for Scheduled Tribe (through resolution). 65th CAA 1990: multi-member National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)s & National Commission for Scheduled Tribe with constitutional status. 89th CAA 2003: Single commission separated into National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) (Art.338) & NCST (Art.338 A). The separate National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)s and National Commission for Scheduled Tribe came into existence in 2004.		Originally: National Commission for Backward Classes ( NCBC) was set up in 1993 as a Statutory body according to the Mandal case judgment of SC (1992). 102nd CAA, 2018: accorded Constitutional status with the insertion of new Art.338 B. [UPSC 2023]
Article	Article 338, Part XVI	Article 338A, Part XVI	Article 338B, Part XVI
Appointment	By President by warrant under his hand and seal.
Members	Chairperson + Vice Chairperson + 3 other members.
Tenure	The President determines tenure and conditions of service of office. Under the Rules, they hold office for a term of three years. They are not eligible for appointment for more than two terms.
Reports	Presents an annual report to the President. The President places all such reports before the Parliament. Also forwards any report of the Commission pertaining to a state government to the state Governor. The governor places it before the state legislature.
Other Aspects	Power of civil court in certain matters. The Commission is vested with the power to regulate its own procedure. Discharges similar functions regarding the Anglo-Indian Community. Till 2018, the commission was also required to discharge similar functions with regard to OBCs. It was relieved by the creation of NCBC (Art.338B).	Power of civil court in certain matters. The Commission is vested with the power to regulate its own procedure. Measures for the implementation of the PESA Act, 1996. Measures to be taken to: Reduce and ultimately eliminate the shifting cultivation practice by tribals. Improve the efficacy of relief and rehabilitation measures. To prevent alienation of tribal people. Conferring ownership rights in respect of MFPs.	Power of civil court in certain matters. The Commission is vested with the power to regulate its own procedure. Participate and advise on the socio-economic development of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes.
Powers of Commissions	These Commissions possess the powers akin to a civil court when investigating matters or inquiries, particularly concerning: Summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath Requiring the discovery and production of any document; Receiving evidence on affidavits; Requisitioning any public record from any court/office; Issuing summons for the examination of witnesses and documents; and Any other matter which the President may determine.

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