Zoology Optional Subject for UPSC Mains Exam: Syllabus, Books, and Strategies

Visakha Prashar September 19, 2024 11:00 12586 0

Look at the UPSC optional Zoology syllabus, recommended books, topper stories, and frequently asked questions. Download PDF notes & question papers.

Zoology Optional Subject for UPSC Mains Exam: Syllabus, Books, and Strategies

UPSC Mains examination include optional papers and Zoology is one of the optional subjects mentioned in the list of optional subjects. Zoology is centered around the biology of animals, from the smallest cells to entire ecosystems. In this article we will try to look at what Zoology offers as an optional subject for UPSC, covering its syllabus, relevance, and why it could be a great choice for candidates.  

Zoology Optional Subject: Study of Animal Science

Zoology Optional Subject in UPSC is the scientific study of animals, covering various aspects such as anatomy, physiology, behavior, biochemistry, genetics, biotechnology, ecology, and evolution. It is a technical subject, and therefore, it is recommended primarily for life science and medical graduates due to its specialized nature.

Zoology Optional Syllabus for UPSC: Paper Pattern and Exam Strategy

The Zoology Optional paper generally consists of two papers – Paper I and Paper II. Both papers are designed to assess the candidate’s understanding of concepts and their analytical abilities. Paper I is mostly numerical based and Paper II is more theoretical. Each paper is allocated 250 marks. Paper I is asked in two sections. 

Both sections have four questions. Question 1 from section 1 and Question 5 from section 2 are compulsory. Out of the remaining 6 questions, candidates are allowed to choose their questions. Here, Candidates have to apply their strategy by picking the most mark-fetching questions where they feel they can write the best answer. Here is the exam pattern for Zoology optional for UPSC: 

Zoology Optional Subject for UPSC Mains Exam Pattern
Particular Details
Total Papers Two, Paper I and Paper II
Total Marks 500 (250 Each)
Time allowed 3 Hours for each paper
Sections Section A and Section B
Questions Total 8 questions with subparts
Compulsory Question Question No. 1 and 5
Marks Distribution 10, 15, and 20 marker questions

Zoology Optional Syllabus

The Zoology optional syllabus for UPSC covers a wide range of topics, including anatomy, physiology, genetics, ecology, and evolution. Zoology Optional Syllabus mainly focuses on the world of animal biology, providing insights into the diverse life forms and their interactions. From understanding the basics of cellular processes to exploring the dynamics of ecosystems, this syllabus equips aspirants with a holistic understanding of the animal kingdom, making it an enriching choice for UPSC preparation. Here we will try to analyse the syllabus of different papers i.e Paper I and Paper II.

UPSC Zoology Optional Paper 1 covers a list of topics which are mentioned below.

Zoology Optional Syllabus: Paper I

Topic Subtopic
1. Non-chordata and Chordata
  1. Classification and relationship of various phyla up to subclasses: Acoelomate and Coelomate, Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateria and Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora and Hemichordata; Symmetry.
  2. Protozoa: Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction, sex; General features and life history of Paramecium, Monocystis. Plasmodium and Leishmania.
  3. Porifera: Skeleton, canal system, and reproduction.
  4. Cnidaria: Polymorphism, defensive structures, and their mechanism; coral reefs and their formation; metagenesis; general features and life history of Obelia and Aurelia.
  5. Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; general features and life history of Fasciola and Taenia and their pathogenic symptoms.
  6. Nemathelminthes: General features, life history, parasitic adaptation of Ascaris andWuchereria.
  7. Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes; general features and life history of Nereis, earthworm, and leach.
  8. Arthropoda: Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and respiration in arthropods (Prawn, cockroach, and scorpion); modification of mouth, parts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee, and butterfly), metamorphosis in insect and its hormonal regulation, the social behaviour of Apis and termites.
  9. Molluscs: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, general features, and life history of Lamellidens, Pila, and Sepia. Torsion and detorsion in gastropods.
  10. Echinodermata: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, larval forms, general features, and life history of Asterias.
  11. Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general features and life history of Branchiostoma and Herdmania.
  12. Pisces: Respiration, locomotion, and migration.
  13. Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, parental care, paedomorphosis.
  14. Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and crocodiles.
  15. Aves: Origin of birds, flight adaptation, migration.
  16. Mammalia: Origin of mammals, dentition, general features of egg-laying mammals, pouched mammals, aquatic mammals and primates, endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships.
  17. Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates. (Integument and its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system including heart and aortic arches, urinogenital system, brain, and sense organs (eye and ear). 
2. Ecology
  1. Biosphere: concept of biosphere; biomes, Biogeochemical cycles, Human induced changes in atmosphere including greenhouse effect, ecological succession, biomes and ecotones, community ecology.
  2. Concept of ecosystem; structure and function of ecosystem, types of ecosystem, ecological succession, ecological adaptation.
  3. Population; characteristics, population dynamics, population stabilization.
  4. Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural resources.
  5. Wildlife of India.
  6. Remote sensing for sustainable development.
  7. Environmental biodegradation; pollution and its impact on biosphere and its prevention. 
3. Ethology
  1. Behaviour: Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign stimuli, learning, and memory, instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting.
  2. Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis, predator detection, predator tactics, social hierarchies in primates, social organization in insects;
  3. Orientation, navigation, homing; biological rhythms: biological clock, tidal, seasonal, and circadian rhythms.
  4. Methods of studying animal behaviour including sexual conflict, selfishness, kinship, and altruism.
4. Economic Zoology
  1. Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn culture, vermiculture.
  2. Major infectious and communicable diseases (malaria, filaria, tuberculosis, cholera, and AIDS) , their vectors, pathogens, and prevention.
  3. Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogens (helminths), and vectors (ticks, mites, Tabanus, Stomoxys).
  4. Pests of sugarcane (Pyrilla perpusiella), oil seed (Achaeajanata) and rice (Sitophilus oryzae).
  5. Transgenic animals.
  6. Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease and genetic counselling, gene therapy.
  7. Forensic biotechnology.
5. Biostatistics
  1. Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution and measure of central tendency, chi square, student-test, F-test (one-way & two-way F-test).
6. Instrumentation methods 
  1. Spectrophotometer, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, radioactive tracer, ultracentrifuge, gel. Electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA, FISH and chromosome painting.
  2. Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).

Zoology Optional Syllabus: Paper II

Topics Subtopics
1. Cell Biology
  1. Structure and function of cell and its organelles (nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and lysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitotic spindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome movement chromosome type ploytene and lambrush, organization of chromatin, heterochromatin, Cell cycle regulation. 
  2. Nucleic acid topology, DNA motif, DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, translation, protein foldings and transport. 
2. Genetics 
  1. Modern concept of gene, split gene, genetic regulation, genetic, code.
  2. Sex chromosomes and their evolution, sex determination in Drosophila and human.
  3. Mendel’s laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, multiple alleles, genetics of blood groups, pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases in humans.
  4. Mutations and mutagenesis.
  5. Recombinant DNA technology, plasmid, cosmid, artificial chromosomes as vectors, transgenics, DNA cloning and whole animal cloning (principles and methods).
  6. Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
  7. Signal molecules, cell death, defects in signaling pathways and consequences.
  8. RFLP, RAPD and AFLF and application of RFLP in DNA finger-printing, ribozyme technologies, human genome project, genomics and protomics. 
3. Evolution
  1. Theories of origin of life.
  2. Theories of evolution; Natural selection, role of mutation in evolution, evolutionary patterns, molecular drive, mimicry, variation, isolation and speciation.
  3. Evolution of horse, elephant and human using fossil data.
  4. Hardy-Weinberg Law.
  5. Continental drift and distribution of animals.
4. Systematics
  • Zoological nomenclature, international code, cladistics, molecular taxonomy and biodiversity. 
5. Biochemistry
  1. Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids, cholesterol, proteins and amino-acids, nucleic acids. Bioenergetics.
  2. Glycolysis and Krebs cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative phosphorylation; energy conservation and release, ATP, cyclic AMP-its structure and role.
  3. Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and functions.
  4. Enzymes: types and mechanisms of action.
  5. Vitamins and co-enzymes.
  6. Immunoglobulin and immunity. 
6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals) :
  1. Composition and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in humans; factors and mechanism of coagulation; iron metabolism, acid-base balance, thermoregulation, anticoagulants.
  2. Haemoglobin: Composition, types and role in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  3. Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and intestinal glands.
  4. Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmo-regulation and excretory product.
  5. Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects of exercise on muscles.
  6. Neuron: nerve impulse—its conduction and synaptic transmission; neurotransmitters.
  7. Vision, hearing and olfaction in humans.
  8. Physiology of reproduction puberty and menopause in humans.
7. Developmental Biology
  1. Gametogenesis; spermatogenesis, composition of semen, in vitro and in vivo capacitation of mammalian sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency; fertilization, morphogenesis and morphogen; blastogeneis, establishment of body axes formation, fate map, gestulation in frog and chick; genes in development in chick homeotic genes, development of eye and heart, placenta in mammals.
  2. Cell lineage, cell to cell interaction, Genetic and induced teratogenesis, role of thyroxine in control of metamorphosisin amphibia, paedogenesis and neoteny, cell death, aging.
  3. Developmental genes in humans, in vitro fertilization; and embryo transfer; cloning. 
  4. Stem cells: Sources, types and their use in human welfare.
  5. Biogenetic law. 

UPSC Zoology Optional Question Papers

Analyzing previous years’ question papers is essential for understanding the pattern and scope of questions asked in the UPSC examination. Aspirants opting for Zoology as an optional subject should familiarize themselves with past question papers to identify recurring themes, important topics, and the level of depth expected by the examiners.

Year UPSC Zoology Optional Question Papers PDF Link
2023 UPSC Zoology Optional Paper 1

UPSC Zoology Optional Paper 2

2022 UPSC Zoology Optional Question Paper 1

UPSC Zoology Optional Question Paper 2

2021 UPSC Zoology Optional Question Paper 1

UPSC Zoology Optional Question Paper 2

2020 UPSC Zoology Optional Question Paper 1

UPSC Zoology Optional Question Paper 2

2019 UPSC Zoology Optional Question Paper 1

UPSC Zoology Optional Question Paper 2

2018 UPSC Zoology Optional Question Paper 1

UPSC Zoology Optional Question Paper 2

Zoology Optional Notes For UPSC Preparation

Comprehensive and well-organized notes play a crucial role in the preparation of any optional subject for UPSC. Aspirants can find numerous sources of study materials, notes, and resources online and offline to aid their preparation for Zoology optional. Additionally, joining online forums or study groups can facilitate the exchange of notes and discussion of complex topics.

Is Zoology Optional a Suitable Subject for UPSC Preparation?

The suitability of Zoology as an optional subject for UPSC varies from candidate to candidate. It is a good option for individuals with a background in biological sciences or a keen interest in the subject matter. However, candidates should also consider their aptitude, availability of study materials, and coaching support before finalizing their optional subject.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Zoology Optional

There are several advantages and disadvantages to choosing Zoology as an optional subject for competitive exams like UPSC.

Advantages of Zoology Optional for UPSC

  • Scoring Potential- Zoology is considered a scoring subject due to several reasons. 
  • Well-defined syllabus- The syllabus is clear and consistent, allowing focused preparation.
  • Objective nature- Questions are often factual and straightforward, rewarding precise and clear answers. 
  • Emphasis on diagrams- Well-labeled diagrams can enhance your answers and potentially fetch extra marks.
  • Overlaps with General Studies- There’s a significant overlap between the Zoology syllabus and topics covered in General Studies (GS) Paper III related to environment, ecology, and biodiversity. This allows you to prepare for both sections more efficiently.
  • Less Competition- Compared to other popular optional subjects like Public Administration or History, Zoology attracts fewer candidates. This can give you an edge in securing a good rank.
  • Scientific Temperament- Studying Zoology fosters a scientific approach, emphasizing critical thinking, analysis, and logical reasoning – valuable skills for any civil servant.
  • Interest and Background- If you have a strong background in biology or a genuine interest in the animal kingdom, choosing Zoology can make your preparation more engaging and enjoyable.

Disadvantages of Zoology Optional for UPSC

  • Vast Syllabus- While defined, the Zoology syllabus covers a broad range of topics requiring in-depth study and memorization. This can be time-consuming, especially for those without a science background.
  • Technical Language- Zoology heavily relies on scientific terminology and concepts. If you’re unfamiliar with these terms, understanding the subject matter can be challenging.
  • Limited Study Material- Compared to some popular options, there may be fewer readily available resources and coaching institutes specializing in Zoology for UPSC.

Zoology can be a rewarding optional subject for UPSC aspirants with a science background and an interest in the field. Its well-defined syllabus, potential for scoring, and overlap with GS papers offer advantages. However, the vast syllabus, technical nature, and potentially limited study materials can be drawbacks to consider. It is advised to carefully weigh your strengths, interests, and available resources before making your decision.

Paper I Paper II
  • Chordate Zoology by P S Verma and E L Jordon
  • Invertebrate Zoology by P S Verma and E L Jordon
  • Vertebrates Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution by K. Kardong
  • Modern Textbook of Zoology – Invertebrates by RL Kotpal
  • Modern Textbook Of Zoology: Vertebrates by RL Kotpal
  • Ecology and Environment by Dr. P.D. Sharma
  • Animal Behaviour (Ethology) by Agarwal V.K.
  • Applied And Economic Zoology by Dr. V. B. Upadhyay and Dr. G. S. Shukla
  • Bioinstrumentation by Bhawana Pandey and M.H. Fulekar
  • Fundamentals of Biostatistics by Veer Bala Rastogi
  • Concepts of Genetics by Klug and Cummings
  • Organic Evolution by Veer Bala Rastogi
  • Karp’s Cell Biology by Karp Gerald
  • Cell Biology by CB Powar
  • Biochemistry by U. Satyanarayana
  • Tortora’s Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 
  • Developmental Biology by Scott F. Gilbert

Zoology Optional Topper Stories and PDF Notes for UPSC Preparation

Aspirants often seek PDF versions of Zoology optional notes for convenience and accessibility. Numerous websites and online platforms offer downloadable PDFs of study materials, handwritten notes, and reference books specifically tailored for UPSC Zoology optional. Here is the list of toppers who have achieved good rank in UPSC IAS Exam.

Name UPSC Exam Year Rank/Marks
Smriti Mishra 2022 AIR 4 (281 Marks)
Anup Das 2022 AIR 38 (306 Marks)
Pusapati Sahitya 2021 AIR 24 (278 Marks)
Prasad Shinde 2019 AIR 287 (274 Marks) 
Kajal Jawla 2018 AIR 28 (303 Marks)
Pooja Yadav 2018 AIR 174 (325 Marks)

Zoology Optional Candidate Participation and Success Rate in UPSC Exams

The table below offers a comprehensive overview of the success rate achieved by candidates who opted for Zoology throughout the year.

UPSC Zoology Optional Success Rate
Year Number of Candidates with Zoology Optional Number of Candidates Selected Success Rate (%)
2021 49 4 8.16%
2020 44 5 12.20%
2019 44 4 9.10%
2018 43 6 14%
2017 55 1 1.80%

How to Prepare Zoology Optional for UPSC?

Preparing for Zoology Optional in the UPSC Civil Services Examination requires a systematic and comprehensive approach. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to prepare for Zoology Optional:

  • Understand the Syllabus- Begin by thoroughly understanding the UPSC Zoology Optional syllabus. This will help you identify the topics you need to cover.
  • Gather Study Material- Collect the necessary study material, including textbooks, reference books, and previous years’ question papers. Develop a well-structured study plan that covers the entire syllabus. Allocate specific time slots for each topic to ensure comprehensive coverage.
  • Study Regularly- Consistency is key. Dedicate a fixed number of hours each day to your Zoology Optional preparation.
  • Make Notes- While studying, make concise notes that highlight key concepts, definitions, and important facts. These notes will serve as a quick revision resource.
  • Practice Diagrams and Flowcharts- Zoology often involves diagrams and flowcharts. Practice drawing these to enhance your understanding and presentation skills.
  • Solve Previous Years Papers- Solved previous years’ Zoology Optional question papers to familiarize yourself with the exam pattern and question types.
  • Revise Thoroughly- Regularly revise what you’ve studied to reinforce your knowledge. Use your notes and diagrams for quick revision.

Conclusion

Zoology as an optional subject for UPSC offers a fascinating journey into the world of animal biology, evolution, and ecology. With thorough preparation, dedication, and a clear understanding of the syllabus, aspirants can excel in this subject and enhance their chances of success in the UPSC examination.

Must Read
NCERT Notes For UPSC UPSC Daily Current Affairs
UPSC Blogs UPSC Daily Editorials
Daily Current Affairs Quiz Daily Main Answer Writing
UPSC Mains Previous Year Papers UPSC Test Series 2024

 

UPSC Zoology Syllabus FAQs

Syllabus of both exams is almost the same but differs in some topics so it is advised to candidates to go through the syllabus of each exam before preparing.

Both subjects are related to medical background but only a small portion of syllabus is same but most of the topics are different.

No subject is tough or easy it depends on the interest, background and resource availability of the optional subject.

You can choose zoology optional but somewhere it is not advisable to go for zoology prior to having engineering background.

Yes, IFS and IAS exam both have Zoology optional subject in their optional subject list.
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