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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding “PREFIRE (Polar Radiant Energy in the Far-InfraRed Experiment) polar mission”.
PREFIRE is the joint mission of NASA, ESA and ISRO.
PREFIRE mission aims to improve climate models by providing insights into heat loss from the Arctic and Antarctic.
The mission involves launching two CubeSats which will utilize a thermocouple similar to sensors found in household thermostats.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Ans: b
Exp:
Statement 1 is incorrect: The first of NASA’s tiny twin satellites as part of the PREFIRE (Polar Radiant Energy in the Far-InfraRed Experiment) polar mission is set to be launched from New Zealand on May 22. The second CubeSat is targeting a launch two weeks following the first launch, according to the space agency.
About PREFIRE:
The mission consists of twin satellites, each carrying one instrument and measuring the poles about six hours apart.
These satellites will measure Earth’s polar regions’ heat loss, which has not been extensively studied before.
Statement 2 is correct: Objective: The primary objective of PREFIRE is to reveal the full spectrum of heat loss from Earth’s polar regions: Arctic and Antarctic.
Satellite Details:
The cube satellites are about the size of a shoebox.
They will be launched aboard an Electron launch vehicle.
Each satellite carries a thermal infrared spectrometer.
The satellites will be in asynchronous near-polar orbits, passing over specific spots on Earth at different times.
Statement 3 is correct: The instruments weigh less than 6 pounds (approximately 3 kilograms) each and use thermocouples (similar to household thermostat sensors) for readings.
Incorrect
Ans: b
Exp:
Statement 1 is incorrect: The first of NASA’s tiny twin satellites as part of the PREFIRE (Polar Radiant Energy in the Far-InfraRed Experiment) polar mission is set to be launched from New Zealand on May 22. The second CubeSat is targeting a launch two weeks following the first launch, according to the space agency.
About PREFIRE:
The mission consists of twin satellites, each carrying one instrument and measuring the poles about six hours apart.
These satellites will measure Earth’s polar regions’ heat loss, which has not been extensively studied before.
Statement 2 is correct: Objective: The primary objective of PREFIRE is to reveal the full spectrum of heat loss from Earth’s polar regions: Arctic and Antarctic.
Satellite Details:
The cube satellites are about the size of a shoebox.
They will be launched aboard an Electron launch vehicle.
Each satellite carries a thermal infrared spectrometer.
The satellites will be in asynchronous near-polar orbits, passing over specific spots on Earth at different times.
Statement 3 is correct: The instruments weigh less than 6 pounds (approximately 3 kilograms) each and use thermocouples (similar to household thermostat sensors) for readings.
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding High Energy Photon Source (HEPS).
HEPS is the fourth-generation synchrotron light source.
HEPS is designed to accelerate electrons up to energies of 6 giga electron volts within its 1000 -kilometer circumference storage ring.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans: a
Exp:
Statement 1 is correct: China’s latest scientific milestone, the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), set to be the first fourth-generation synchrotron light source in Asia, will begin operations by the end of this year.
High Energy Photon Source (HEPS):
HEPS is located approximately 50 kilometers from Beijing in Huairou, China.
Statement 2 is incorrect: It is designed to accelerate electrons up to energies of 6 giga electron volts within its 1.36-kilometer circumference storage ring.
HEPS produces high-energy X-rays that can penetrate deep into samples, providing nanometer-scale details.
Researchers will have access to 14 beamlines for various fields, including energy, condensed matter physics, materials innovation, and biomedicine.
Compared to third-generation synchrotrons like the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, HEPS offers a time resolution 10,000 times superior.
About Synchrotron:
A synchrotron is a circular particle accelerator where charged particles (usually electrons) move in a loop.
It accelerates these particles using sequences of magnets until they reach nearly the speed of light.
The fast-moving electrons emit intense light known as synchrotron light, primarily in the X-ray region.
Synchrotron light is much brighter than light from conventional sources and is used for scientific research.
Incorrect
Ans: a
Exp:
Statement 1 is correct: China’s latest scientific milestone, the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), set to be the first fourth-generation synchrotron light source in Asia, will begin operations by the end of this year.
High Energy Photon Source (HEPS):
HEPS is located approximately 50 kilometers from Beijing in Huairou, China.
Statement 2 is incorrect: It is designed to accelerate electrons up to energies of 6 giga electron volts within its 1.36-kilometer circumference storage ring.
HEPS produces high-energy X-rays that can penetrate deep into samples, providing nanometer-scale details.
Researchers will have access to 14 beamlines for various fields, including energy, condensed matter physics, materials innovation, and biomedicine.
Compared to third-generation synchrotrons like the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, HEPS offers a time resolution 10,000 times superior.
About Synchrotron:
A synchrotron is a circular particle accelerator where charged particles (usually electrons) move in a loop.
It accelerates these particles using sequences of magnets until they reach nearly the speed of light.
The fast-moving electrons emit intense light known as synchrotron light, primarily in the X-ray region.
Synchrotron light is much brighter than light from conventional sources and is used for scientific research.
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Calcium Carbide.
It is manufactured by heating a lime and carbon mixture to 2000- 2100°C..
It reacts with water and creates non hazardous ethyl alcohol.
It is used as artificial ripening of fruits like mangoes, which may leave residues of arsenic and phosphorus on fruits.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Ans: b
Exp:
Food regulator FSSAI has asked traders and food business operators not to use the banned product ‘calcium carbide’ for ripening of fruits.
About Calcium Carbide (CaC2):
Statement 1 is correct: Manufacturing: Produced by heating lime and carbon mixture to 2000-2100°C in an electric arc furnace.
Uses:
Artificial ripening of fruits like mangoes.
Used in mining, metal industries, and acetylene gas production.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Calcium carbide is reacted with water to create acetylene gas
Regulation: Prohibited for fruit ripening under the Food Safety and Standards (Prohibition and Restriction on Sales) Regulation, 2011.
Health Impacts:
Can cause dizziness, frequent thirst, irritation, weakness, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, and skin ulcers.
Handling acetylene gas is hazardous.
Statement 3 is correct: May leave harmful residues of arsenic and phosphorus on fruits.
Incorrect
Ans: b
Exp:
Food regulator FSSAI has asked traders and food business operators not to use the banned product ‘calcium carbide’ for ripening of fruits.
About Calcium Carbide (CaC2):
Statement 1 is correct: Manufacturing: Produced by heating lime and carbon mixture to 2000-2100°C in an electric arc furnace.
Uses:
Artificial ripening of fruits like mangoes.
Used in mining, metal industries, and acetylene gas production.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Calcium carbide is reacted with water to create acetylene gas
Regulation: Prohibited for fruit ripening under the Food Safety and Standards (Prohibition and Restriction on Sales) Regulation, 2011.
Health Impacts:
Can cause dizziness, frequent thirst, irritation, weakness, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, and skin ulcers.
Handling acetylene gas is hazardous.
Statement 3 is correct: May leave harmful residues of arsenic and phosphorus on fruits.
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR):
AMR occurs when any microorganism no longer responds to medicines, increasing the risk of disease spread, illness and deaths.
Antimicrobial Resistance is not a natural phenomenon.
The first Bacterial Priority Pathogens List on Antimicrobial Resistance was released in 2024 by the Indian Medical Association.
How many of the above statements are correct?
Correct
Ans: a
Exp:
Critical priority pathogens present major global threats due to their high burden, and ability to resist treatment and spread resistance to other bacteria, noted the latest Bacterial Pathogens Priority List (BPPL) updated by the World Health Organization (WHO).
About Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR):
Statement 1 is correct: Definition: Antimicrobial resistance is the resistance acquired by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) against antimicrobial drugs (antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarials, anthelmintics) used to treat infections.
Impact:
Standard treatments become ineffective.
Infections persist and may spread to others.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Nature: It is a natural phenomenon as bacteria evolve, making drugs used to treat infections less effective.
Terminology: Microorganisms that develop antimicrobial resistance are sometimes referred to as “superbugs”.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The first Bacterial Priority Pathogens List was released in 2017 by WHO.
Recently, an updated version (2024) was released.
Incorrect
Ans: a
Exp:
Critical priority pathogens present major global threats due to their high burden, and ability to resist treatment and spread resistance to other bacteria, noted the latest Bacterial Pathogens Priority List (BPPL) updated by the World Health Organization (WHO).
About Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR):
Statement 1 is correct: Definition: Antimicrobial resistance is the resistance acquired by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) against antimicrobial drugs (antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarials, anthelmintics) used to treat infections.
Impact:
Standard treatments become ineffective.
Infections persist and may spread to others.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Nature: It is a natural phenomenon as bacteria evolve, making drugs used to treat infections less effective.
Terminology: Microorganisms that develop antimicrobial resistance are sometimes referred to as “superbugs”.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The first Bacterial Priority Pathogens List was released in 2017 by WHO.
Recently, an updated version (2024) was released.
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
2 points
Which one of the following best describes the concept of “generalised system of preferences,” or GSP?
Correct
Ans: b
Exp:
In the pantheon of obscure international trade terminology, the “generalised system of preferences,” or GSP, has a special place.
About Generalised system of preferences:
The “generalised system of preferences” (GSP) refers to an approach adopted by developed countries to offer incentives for economic reform in developing countries through lower tariffs.
Developed countries have customized their own GSP programs to identify qualification criteria important in economic reform, aiming to avoid harm to domestic production.
The GSP is the oldest and most far-reaching approach to “aid for trade” in the modern multilateral trading system, embodied in the World Trade Organization.
Background:
The idea of granting developing countries preferential tariff rates in the markets of industrialized countries was originally presented at the first United Nation Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) conference in 1964.
The GSP was adopted at UNCTAD in New Delhi in 1968 and was instituted in 1971.
Incorrect
Ans: b
Exp:
In the pantheon of obscure international trade terminology, the “generalised system of preferences,” or GSP, has a special place.
About Generalised system of preferences:
The “generalised system of preferences” (GSP) refers to an approach adopted by developed countries to offer incentives for economic reform in developing countries through lower tariffs.
Developed countries have customized their own GSP programs to identify qualification criteria important in economic reform, aiming to avoid harm to domestic production.
The GSP is the oldest and most far-reaching approach to “aid for trade” in the modern multilateral trading system, embodied in the World Trade Organization.
Background:
The idea of granting developing countries preferential tariff rates in the markets of industrialized countries was originally presented at the first United Nation Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) conference in 1964.
The GSP was adopted at UNCTAD in New Delhi in 1968 and was instituted in 1971.
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format Integration of PYQ within the booklet Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध
Quick Revise Now ! UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format Integration of PYQ within the booklet Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध
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