Ans: B

Exp:

Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: Bhukti (provinces) under the supervision of Uparika who was expected to collect land revenue and maintain law and order.

Pair 2 is correctly matched: Mandalas or Visaya (districts) whose head was called Visyapati and was expected to perform the functions of collection of revenue and maintaining law and order at district level.

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: Pattala (smaller unit of cluster of villages) which were headed by Bhojapati.

Pair 4 is correctly matched: Village headed by the village headman and village accountant whose posts were generally hereditary. He was often assisted by village elder called grama-mahajana or grama-mahattara.

Ans: C

Exp:

The Pallavas were great patrons of learning. The University of Kanchi became the nucleus of learning and intellectualism. It attracted students from different parts of India and abroad. The founder of the Kadamaba dynasty, Mayurasarman, studied Vedas at Kanchi. Dharmapala, who later became the Rector of Nalanda University, belonged to Kanchi. The Ghatikas and Mathas were the other Brahmanical educational institutions attached to the Temples. Sanskrit, the language of privileged, became the recognized medium in the Brahamanical institutions of the period. Several works in Sanskrit were produced during this period. The Kiratarjuniyam of Bharavi, Dasakumaracharita of Dandi and the Mattavilasaprahasana of Mahendravarman I were the best Sanskrit works of the period. 

Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 and 2 are correct and statement 3 is incorrect:

The Tamil literature had also developed under the patronage of the Pallavas. 

• Thiruvelluvar, the author of kural lived during this period. 

• Perundevanar was patronized by Nandivarman II and he translated Mahabharata into Tamil. 

• Thevaram was composed by the Nayanars and 

• Nalayaradivyaprabhandam composed by the Alvars represent the religious literature of the period. 

The Tamil devotional saints exploited music and dance to realize the „concept of compassionate God‟. The religious hymns were sung with the accompaniment of music and dance. This became a regular feature in the temple festivals.

Ans: D

Exp:

The Chalukyas became the sovereign power with Pulakesin-I. He laid the foundations of his kingdom by making the hill near Badami in Bijapur district of Karnataka into a strong fortress in 543-44 CE and performed a horse sacrifice. His successors overthrew the Kadambas and annexed their kingdom gradually, and subjugated the Mauryas of Konkan (the coastal strip of Maharashtra).

The rise of Pallavas began with Simhavishnu about the middle of the 6thcentury CE. He put an end to the Kalabhra Interregnum in Tondaimandalam (Kanchi region) and extended his kingdom southward up to the Kaveri delta. He was succeeded by Mahendravarman-I who annexed territories in the north up to river Krishna. 

The Pandyas came to light with king Kadungon towards the close of the 6thcentury CE when he suppressed the Kalabhras. The Pandyas ruled in the southernmost districts of Tamilnadu, with the Vaigai river basin as the heartland of the kingdom. They constantly tried to extend their sway over the Kaveri delta in north and Chera country (Kerala) in south-west.

Ans: C

Exp:

In the Sangam period of Indian history, uneven socio-economic developments of the different localities is seen in the political forms too. Three levels of rulers are found: 1) Kizhar, 2) Velir, 3) Vendar. 

Pair 1 is correctly matched: The Kizhar  were the heads of the villages or a small territory, later known as Nadu. They were the chiefs of tribal communities living in specific areas. 

Pair 2 is correctly matched: The Velir  who were many in number, controlled the territories of varied geographical nature, mainly hilly and forest areas, that were in between the muvendar’s fertile territories.

Pair 3 is correctly matched: The Vendar: were kings controlling larger, fertile territories.