Ans: B

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: There were attempts to form trade unions during the Swadeshi Movement (1905)  but these were unsuccessful. The Trade Union Act was passed in 1926 to recognise trade unions as legal associations.

Statement 2 is correct: World War I lasted from 1914 to 1918. The War and its aftermath brought a rise in exports, soaring prices, and massive profiteering opportunities for the industrialists but very low wages for the workers. This led to discontent among workers. A need was felt for the organisation of the workers in trade unions. The All India Trade Union Congress was founded on October 31, 1920.

Ans: D

Exp:

S. A. Dange(Sripad Amrut Dange), in April 1921, wrote ‘Gandhi versus Lenin’ and was in favour of Swaraj which would nationalise factories and distribute zamindari land among farmers. In 1924, S.A. Dange was jailed in the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case along with Muzaffar Ahmed, Shaukat Usmani and Nalini Gupta. In March 1929, the Government arrested 31 labour leaders and convicted S.A. Dange along with Muzaffar Ahmed,  Joglekar, Philip Spratt, etc in the Meerut Conspiracy Case (1929).

Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: As an answer to Lord Birkenhead’s challenge, an All Parties Conference met in February 1928 and appointed a subcommittee under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru to draft a constitution. One of the recommendations of the Nehru Report was the right to form unions and universal adult suffrage.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Narain Meghajee Lokhanday had set up the Bombay Mill and Millhands Association in 1880. He was a humanist and supporter of better conditions for workers. In 1870 Sasipada Banerjea started a workingmen’s club and newspaper Bharat Shramjeevi.

Ans: D

Exp:

•  Lahore conspiracy case(July 1929): It was related to the assassination of  Saunders.  Members of HSRA (Hindustan Socialist Republican Army) killed Saunders who was responsible for the death of the leader Lala Lajpat Rai.
•  Meerut Conspiracy case(March 1929) : In March 1929, the government arrested 31 labour leaders, and the trial resulted in the conviction of Muzaffar Ahmed, S.A. Dange, Joglekar, Philip Spratt, Ben Bradley, Shaukat Usmani, and others. It was alleged that they had attempted ‘to deprive the King Emperor of the sovereignty of British India as ordained by the Communist International.
•  Kanpur – Bolshevik case(1924): S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, Shaukat Usmani, and Nalini Gupta—were jailed in the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case. They were charged for conspiring against the government of India.
•  Kakori conspiracy(1925): The member of HRA(Hindustan Republican Association) held up the 8-Down train at Kakori, an obscure village near Lucknow, and looted its official railway cash.
• The correct chronological sequence is : 3-4-2-1

Ans: C

Exp:

Option a, b and d are correct: The demand for regulation of factories in India came from the Lancashire textile capitalist lobby. Apprehending the emergence of a competitive rival in the Indian textile industry under conditions of cheap and unregulated labour, they demanded the appointment of a commission for investigation into factory conditions. The first commission was appointed in 1875, which led to the First Factory Act 1881.

The Indian Factory Act, 1881 dealt primarily with the problem of child labour (between 7 and 12 years of age). Its significant provisions were:

• employment of children under 7 years of age prohibited;
• working hours were restricted to 9 hours per day for children; It was not applicable for adult workers. Hence, option C is incorrect.
• children to get four holidays in a month; and
• hazardous machinery to be properly fenced off.