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Important Environment Convention and Protocol for UPSC Mains 2024

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The Environment Conventions and Protocols for UPSC are important subjects. Learn about Important Environment Conventions and Protocols for UPSC Mains 2024 in this detailed guide.

Important Environment Convention and Protocol for UPSC Mains 2024

Important Environment Convention and Protocol for UPSC Mains 2024 –  Environment Conventions act as safeguards and systems for environmental protection. To safeguard different environmental components, there are several conventions and protocols. Numerous organisations have environmental issues as one of their top priorities. The United Nations, which was established in 1945 following World War II, oversaw several international projects that required cross-border coordination and collaboration. As the UN body responsible for environmental issues and policy, the UNEP deals with these problems and regulations.

For the UPSC Mains 2024 GS III exam, it is essential to comprehend important environmental conventions and protocols. Candidates should study Environment Conventions and Protocols for UPSC Mains since they are important in global environmental governance.

Answering questions in the environment part will be made easier if you are familiar with these conventions and their objectives. Here is a collection of significant Environment Conventions and Protocols for UPSC Mains 2024 that might help you do well in this section of the exam.

One In this article, we have discussed the Important Environment Convention and Protocol for UPSC Mains 2024.

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Environment Convention and Protocol for UPSC Mains 2024

For the UPSC Mains GS III paper, environment convention and protocol is a high-yield subject. Although Environment Conventions and Protocols are sometimes mistaken for one another, they have different functions:

  • Formal agreements between nations intended to solve particular environmental challenges are called environment conventions. These agreements can impose legal duties on the signing countries and are normally negotiated through international organisations.
  • Diplomats develop protocols as first steps towards final conventions or treaties, which might take years to complete. They modernise or revise already-existing conventions, although not all nations that ratify the original agreement will be bound by the updated version.

Important Environment Conservation and Protocol for UPSC Mains 2024

In both the preliminary and main sections of the UPSC examination, the environment section has several questions. One of UPSC Mains GS III’s most crucial topics on environment and ecology is International Environmental Conventions and Protocols. This article provides a collection of important environmental conventions and protocols for UPSC Mains 2024.

 

The table below provides a list of Environmental issues for UPSC mains throughout the world.

List of Environmental Conventions
Name Year of Establishment Details
COP28 2023 Expo City, Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) hosted the 28th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP28) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2023. 

  • Decision on Outcome of the First Global Stocktake.
  • Operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund.
  • Supervision and governance of the Fund by a Board accountable to the CMA.
  • Decision on the Santiago Network for technical assistance on climate change impacts.
  • Selection of the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction and the United Nations Office for Project Services as the host of the Santiago Network Secretariat.
COP27 2022 COP27 in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, concluded on 20 November, 2022 with a historic decision to establish a loss and damage fund, which UN Secretary-General António Guterres called essential. 

  • He stressed the need for drastic emission reductions to stay within the 1.5-degree limit, urging continued climate ambition. The conference hosted over 100 Heads of State, 35,000 participants, and numerous events showcasing global climate action.
COP26 2022 COP26 in Glasgow brought together 120 world leaders and over 40,000 participants, focusing on climate change for two weeks in 2021.

  • The Glasgow Climate Pact emerged from intense negotiations among nearly 200 countries after months of discussions.
  • UN Secretary-General called the pact a compromise, noting it reflects global contradictions and insufficient political will. 
COP25 2019 UNFCC COP25 took place under the Presidency of the Government of Chile and was held with logistical support from the Government of Spain. Three things have been made clear at COP25. 

  • The global climate process and the Paris Agreement remain active despite challenges and doubts about their effectiveness.
  • A widening gap exists between the necessary actions to combat climate change and the commitments many governments are currently making.
  • Climate policies are diverging, with significant parts of the world setting clear targets, including net-zero emissions by 2050, now representing about two-fifths of global GDP.
Kigali Amendment 2016
  • The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol is an international agreement to gradually reduce the consumption and production of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). 
  • It is a legally binding agreement designed to create rights and obligations in international law.
  • It becomes operative in 2019.
Paris Agreement 2015
  • Aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C, striving for 1.5°C.
Minamata Convention 2013
  • The goal of this international environmental convention is to preserve the environment and human health from the harmful effects of mercury.
  • It became operative in 2017.
Nagoya Protocol 2010
  • It is an international environmental protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilisation (ABS).
  • It became operative in 2014.
UN-REDD 2008
  • The UN program aims to reduce emissions caused by deforestation and forest degradation.
Stockholm Convention 2001
  • It’s a convention pertaining to POPs, or persistent organic pollutants.
  • It was approved in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2001.
  • It became operative in 2004.
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 2000
  • The Convention on Biological Diversity has an international environmental protocol on biosafety.
  • It became operative in 2003.
Rotterdam Convention 1998
  • The Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade is an international environmental convention.
  • It became operative in 2004.
Kyoto Protocol 1997
  • Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is the goal of this international treaty.
  • It became operative in 2005.
UNCCD 1994
  • The Convention to Combat Desertification is a UN document.
  • It became operative in 1996.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change for UPSC Mains (UNFCCC) 1992
  • This international environmental convention regulates the use of adaptation and mitigation strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which are the primary source of global warming.
  • It became operative in 1994.
Rio Summit 1992
  • It’s the Environment and Development Conference of the United Nations.
  • The event took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992.
Biological Diversity Convention for UPSC Mains 1992
  • In order to preserve biological variety, this convention was created.
  • It became operative in 1993.
Basel Convention 1989
  • It is a convention on the management of hazardous waste movements across international borders and their disposal.
  • It became operative in 1992.
Montreal Protocol 1987
  • It is an international agreement on environmental pollutants that cause the ozone layer to deplete.
  • It became operative in 1989.
Vienna Convention 1985
  • It is an agreement to safeguard the ozone layer.
  • It became operative in 1988.
Bonn Convention 1979
  • It is an agreement for the Preservation of Wild Animal Migratory Species.
  • It became operative in 1983.
CITES 1973
  • It is an agreement on the international trade of wild plants and animals that are endangered.
  • It became operative in 1975.
Ramsar Convention 1971
  • It’s known as the Wetlands Convention.
  • In 1971, the Iranian city of Ramsar adopted it.
  • It became operative in 1975.

UPSC Mains candidates can readily respond to queries about Environmental issues for UPSC mains by being familiar with key norms and procedures.

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FAQs on Important Environmental Conventions and Protocols for UPSC Mains 2024

A particular way of altering a convention is using a protocol. Not every state that accepted the original convention is required to follow the protocol modifications. States that ratify the new protocol are the only ones required to follow its changes.

The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement under the UNFCCC that binds parties to stabilising greenhouse gas emissions. The UNFCCC provides a framework convention for doing so.

A sort of treaty binding under international law that enables them to accomplish an environmental aim is an international environmental agreement, often known as an environmental protocol.

A convention is a legally binding agreement between nations that is often negotiated through an international agency. One method of altering a convention is using a protocol. Not every state that accepted the original convention is required to follow the protocol modifications.

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