Ans: D

Exp: 

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Indian drainage system can be classified into two categories based on water discharge (orientations to the sea): 

• Arabian Sea drainage; and 
• Bay of Bengal drainage. 

The Delhi Ridge, the Aravalis, and the Sahyadris or Western Ghats split them from one another.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The majority of rivers that flow across the Peninsular Plateau originate in the Western Ghats and empty into the Bay of Bengal. While most of the North Indian rivers originate from Himalayas and drain into the Bay of Bengal. Nearly 77% of the drainage area, which includes the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Krishna, and other waterways, is directed towards the Bay of Bengal, while 23% of it, which includes the Indus, Narmada, Tapi, Mahi, and Periyar systems, discharges its water into the Arabian Sea

Ans: B

Exp: Indus River  has one of the world’s greatest river basins, with a total length of 2,880 km (in India, 1,114 km). The westernmost Himalayan river in India is the Indus, also referred to as the Sindhu. It originates from a glacier close to Bokhar Chu (31° 15′ N latitude and 81° 40′ E longitude) in the Tibetan region. It is referred to as “Singi Khamban,” or the Lion’s Mouth, in Tibet. It flows between the Ladakh and Zaskar mountain ranges in the northwest before passing through Baltistan and Ladakh. It cuts through the Ladakh range, creating a stunning gorge close to Gilgit in Jammu and Kashmir. It enters Pakistan near Chilas, in the Dardistan region. The river flows southward and receives ‘Panjnad’ a little above Mithankot. The Panjnad is the name given to the five rivers of Punjab, namely the Satluj, the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab, and the Jhelum.

Ans: C

Exp: 

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Ravi is an important tributary of the Indus. It rises west of the Rohtang Pass in the Kullu hills of Himachal Pradesh and flows through the Chamba valley of the state. Before entering Pakistan and joining the Chenab near Sarai Sidhu, it drains the area lying between the southeastern part of the Pir Panjal and the Dhauladhar ranges.

Statement 2 is correct: The Beas is also an important tributary of the Indus, originating from the Beas Kund near the Rohtang Pass at an elevation of 4,000 m above mean sea level. The river flows through the Kullu Valley and forms gorge at Kati and Largi in the Dhauladhar range. It enters the Punjab plains, where it meets the Satluj near Harike.

Statement 3 is correct: The Satluj originates in the ‘Raksas tal’ near Mansarovar at an altitude of 4,555m in Tibet, where it is known as Langchen Khambab. It flows almost parallel to the Indus for about 400 km before entering India and comes out of a gorge at Rupar. It passes through Shipki La on the Himalayan ranges and enters the Punjab plains. It is an antecedent river. An antecedent is a stream that maintains its original course and pattern despite changes in the underlying rock. It is a very important tributary as it feeds the canal system of the Bhakra Nangal project.

Ans: A

Exp:

The Ganga rises in the Gangotri glacier near Gaumukh (3,900 m) in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand. It is shared by Uttarakhand (110 km) and Uttar Pradesh (1,450 km), Bihar (445 km), and West Bengal (520 km), and falls into the Bay of Bengal.

In its course, it is joined by a large number of tributaries, both from the right and left banks. The body of water that is on the right side of the river when facing downstream is called the right bank tributary. While the body of water that is on the left side of the river when facing downstream is called the left bank tributary.

Important left bank tributaries are:

• Gomti
• Gandak                                                                                
• Ghaghra 
• Kosi

Important Right bank tributaries are:

• Yamuna
• Son
• Punpun

Ans: D

Exp:

Every three to seven years, a complicated weather system called EI-Nino causes droughts, floods, and other extreme weather conditions in many parts of the world.

With the emergence of warm currents off the coast of Peru in the Eastern Pacific, the system encompasses both oceanic and atmospheric processes and influences weather in many countries, including India. EI-Nino is an extension of the warm equatorial current, which gets replaced temporarily by the cold Peruvian current or Humboldt current. The water temperature along the Peruvian coast is raised by about 10°C. This results in the following implications:

• The distortion of equatorial atmospheric circulation.

• Irregularities in the evaporation of sea water.

• Reduction in the amount of plankton, which further reduces the number of fish in the sea.