Ans: C

Exp:

Plantation agriculture was introduced by the Europeans in colonies situated in the tropics. Some of the important plantation crops are tea, coffee, cocoa, rubber, cotton, oil palm, sugarcane, bananas, and pineapples. The characteristic features of this type of farming are :

• Large estates or plantations
• Large capital investment
• • Managerial and technical support 
  • Scientific methods of cultivation
• Single crop specialisation
• Cheap labour, and
• A good system of transportation links the estates to the factories and markets for the export of the products.

Ans: B

Exp:

Mixed Farming is a form of agriculture found in highly developed parts of the world, e.g. North-western Europe, Eastern North America, parts of Eurasia, and the temperate latitudes of the southern continents. Mixed farms are moderate in size, and usually, the crops associated with them are wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize, fodder, and root crops. Fodder crops are an important component of mixed farming. Crop rotation and intercropping play an important role in maintaining soil fertility. Equal emphasis is laid on crop cultivation and animal husbandry. Animals like cattle, sheep, pigs, and poultry provide the main income, along with crops. Mixed farming is characterised by high capital expenditure on farm machinery and buildings, extensive use of chemical fertilisers and green manures, and the skill and expertise of the farmers.

Ans: D

Exp:

Coal is one of the important minerals that is mainly used in the generation of thermal power and the smelting of iron ore. Coal occurs in rock sequences mainly of two geological ages, namely Gondwana and tertiary deposits. Tertiary coals occur in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Nagaland. It is extracted from Darangiri, Cherrapunji, Mewlong, and Langrin (Meghalaya); Makum, and Nazira in upper Assam, Namchik – Namphuk (Arunachal Pradesh); and Kalakot (Jammu and Kashmir).

About 80 percent of the coal deposits in India are of the bituminous type and are of non-coking grade. The most important Gondwana coal fields in India are located in the Damodar Valley. They lie in the Jharkhand-Bengal coal belt, and the important coal fields in this region are Raniganj, Jharia, Bokaro, Giridih, and Karanpura.

Ans: B

Exp: 

Pair 1 is correct: Australia is home to the largest reserves of iron ore worldwide, with an estimated 48 billion tonnes identified as of 2019. The majority of the country’s iron ore resources are located in the state of Western Australia, particularly the Pilbara region, with much of the remainder based in South Australia.

Pair 2 is incorrect: Brazil holds the second-largest iron ore reserves globally, estimated at around 29 billion tonnes. The country is home to the world’s biggest iron ore mining operation – the Carajás Mine, based in the northern state of Pará.

Pair 3 is correct: Iran is the seventh-largest iron-producing country. One of the most important iron ore mines in the country is Gol-e-Gohar in Kerman province.

Ans: D

Exp: 

High technology, or simply high-tech, is the latest generation of manufacturing activities. It is best understood as the application of intensive research and development (R and D) efforts leading to the manufacture of products of an advanced scientific and engineering character. Professional (white-collar) workers make up a large share of the total workforce. These highly skilled specialists greatly outnumber the actual production (blue-collar) workers. Robotics on the assembly line, computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing, electronic controls of smelting and refining processes, and the constant development of new chemical and pharmaceutical products are notable examples of a high-tech industry

High-tech industries that are regionally concentrated, self-sustaining, and highly specialised are called technopolies. Silicon Valley near San Francisco, and Silicon Forest near Seattle, are examples of technopolies.