Ans: C

Exp:

National Multidimensional Poverty Index (NMPI): A progress of Review 2023′ — was released by Niti Aayog. The National MPI measures simultaneous deprivations across the three equally weighted dimensions of:

• Health:  Nutrition, Maternal Health and Child and Adolescent Mortality 
• Education: Years of Schooling, School attendance,
• Standard of Living:  Cooking fuel, Sanitation, Drinking water, Electricity, Housing, Assets, and Bank accounts.

It uses statistics from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5 (2019-21)) to capture the various dimensions of poverty in India.

Ans: B

Exp:

Poverty affects a greater number of women than men. Feminization of poverty is the phenomenon in which the total of poor women outnumbers the total population of poor men.  Women are segregated, have very limited access to education (for political, religious or social reasons) and are sometimes forbidden to work or restricted to tedious ones. Being the cornerstone of the family, women can have a great impact not only on the household income but also on the education of children (including sanitation) and avoiding early child deaths due to bad habits, sanitation or improper food or water. The feminization of poverty may be caused by changes in Family composition, Family organization, or Inequality in access to public services or social protection.

Ans: D

Exp:

The abbreviation “BIMARU” has been used to refer to Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh in order to suggest that they have fallen behind other states in terms of economic growth, access to healthcare, educational attainment and poverty alleviation. The BIMARU states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh , along with Jharkhand and Odisha, have all 50 of the poorest districts in the nation, as well as 91 of the top 100.

Ans: C

Exp:

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) came up in 1944 whose Articles came into force on the 27 December, 1945 with the main functions as exchange rate regulation, purchasing short-term foreign currency liabilities of the member nations from around the world, allotting special drawing rights (SDRs) to the member nations and the most important one as the bailor to the member economies in the situation of any BoP crisis.

The main functions of the IMF are as given below:

• To facilitate international monetary cooperation;
• To promote exchange rate stability and orderly exchange arrangements;
• To assist in the establishment of a multilateral system of payments and the elimination of foreign exchange restrictions; and
• To assist member countries by temporarily providing financial references to correct mal adjustment in their balance of payments (BoPs).

To ensure the implementation of development projects is one of the objectives of World Bank.

Ans: C

Exp:

Statement 1 is incorrect: The SDR is neither a currency nor a claim on the IMF. Rather, it is a potential claim on the freely usable currencies of IMF members. SDRs can be exchanged for these currencies.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Individuals and private entities cannot hold SDRs. IMF members – and the IMF itself – hold SDRs and the IMF has the authority to approve other holders, such as central banks and multilateral development banks, while individuals and private entities cannot hold SDRs. 

Statement 3 is incorrect: The value of the SDR is based on a basket of five currencies—the U.S. dollar, the euro, the Chinese renminbi, the Japanese yen, and the British pound sterling. The SDR basket is reviewed every five years, or earlier if warranted, to ensure that the basket reflects the relative importance of currencies in the world’s trading and financial systems